Dublin City Council · 3843/20
25, Havelock Square, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- 1 Dec 2020Received
- 29 Jan 2021Grant permission
- 12 Mar 2021Final grant
- Status
- Granted
- Decision
- Grant permission · 29 Jan 2021
- Council
- Dublin City Council
- Type
- Permission
- Site
- 150 m²
What’s proposed
Planning permission sought for the construction of a first floor extension (c12.3 m.sq.) to the rear of the existing dwelling over the exempt single storey extension currently under construction along with alterations to the existing first floor room layout along with all other ancillary works
3843/20 is a planning application to Dublin City Council for planning permission sought for the construction of a first floor extension (c12.3 m.sq.), received on 1 Dec 2020; permission was granted on 29 Jan 2021.
Planning details
- Reference
- 3843/20
- Local authority
- Dublin City Council
- Status
- Granted · register status “Decision Notice Issued”
- Received
- 1 Dec 2020
- Observations close
- 14 Jan 2021 (closed 2082 days ago)
- Decision due
- 3 Feb 2021 · decided 29 Jan 2021
- Decision
- Grant permission on 29 Jan 2021
- Proposed development
- Planning permission sought for the construction of a first floor extension (c12.3 m.sq.) to the rear of the existing dwelling over the exempt single storey extension currently under construction along with alterations to the existing first floor room layout along with all other ancillary worksAs published by the register.
- Site area
- 150 m² from the mapped boundary, not the council's figure
- Applicant
- Not published — the national feed carries no applicant name
Nearby 250 applications within 500 m in the last 5 years
- OpenNumber 151 Lansdowne Park and Number 154 Lansdowne Park Dublin 4 D04W295 and Do4X6N4
- OpenEmerald Cottages, to rear of 14 Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 2
- Open80, Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge Dublin 4 D04 T856
- Withdrawn80 Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn80 Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnNumber 151 Lansdowne Park and Number 154 Lansdowne Park, D04W295 and Do4X6N4 Dublin 4
- Withdrawn151 Lansdowne Park (D04 W295) Dublin 4 and 154 Lansdowne Park (D04 X6N4), Dublin 4
- Open32, Havelock Square, Dublin 4
Show all 250
- Withdrawn32, Havelock Square, Dublin 4, D04 E335
- Appealed44, Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 RY96
- OpenThe Mews, Baggot Rath House, Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 C2F2
- Withdrawn44, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4, D04RY96
- Open16 Grand Canal Street Upper, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 PX73
- Granted70 Northumberland Road, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn16, Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn70 Northumberland Road, Dublin 4, D04VH66
- AppealedSite at Lansdowne Lane to the east of No. 10/10A Lansdowne Terrace and the west of No.1 Berkeley Mews, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnSite at Lansdowne Lane, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnSite at Lansdowne Lane, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Open14 Carlton Mews, Shelbourne Avenue, Dublin 4, D04 X3X4
- Open52 Northumberland Road, Dublin 4, D04 A665
- WithdrawnSite at Lansdowne Lane, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced62, South Lotts Road, Ringsend, Dublin 4
- OpenLansdowne Lodge, 47, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4
- Granted8, Serpentine Park, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn8, Serpentine Park, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Commenced1 Bath Avenue Gardens, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04NR13
- WithdrawnLansdowne Lodge, 47, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnLansdowne Lodge, 47, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4
- Granted39, Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn39, Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4, D04 E2V8
- Withdrawn35 Tritonville Road, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 A436
- Granted38 Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn38 Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 4, D04 A344
- Granted27, The Nicholson, Lansdowne Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn27 The Nicholson, Lansdowne Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D07 N9Y2
- Granted18 Londonbridge Road, Dublin 4, D04 CR63
- Granted100, Haddington Road, Dublin 4
- Granted36 Margaret Place, Dublin 4
- GrantedMellons Shop and Deli, 56 South Lotts Road, Dublin 4, D04 K665
- Commenced18, Bath Avenue Gardens, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 C6H3
- Granted38, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4, D04V992
- GrantedFormer Ballsbridge Hotel Site, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4. The application site is bound by Lansdowne Road to the north west and Pembroke Road to the south west
- WithdrawnRear of No.58, Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- GrantedNorth-Eastern side of the Railway Bridge at Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided15, Malone Gardens, Dublin 4
- Granted2 Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Granted58, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4
- GrantedNo. 109 Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4.
- Withdrawn58, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4
- Granted21 The Templeton, Lansdowne Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnNo's 20 & 22 Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4, D04C3W5, D04V5Y8
- GrantedGasworks House, Block E1 and E2, Barrow Street, Dublin 4
- Granted53, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4
- Granted65 O'Connell Gardens, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 A661
- Granted2, Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Granted14 Emerald Cottages,, Dublin 4, Dublin, D04 R2H4
- Withdrawn14 Emerald Cottages, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn53 Landsdowne Road, Dublin 4, D04 NY29
- Granted21 Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn21 Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04W8HO
- Commenced2 Serpentine Park, Dublin 4 D04 H6P2
- Refused39 Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4, Dublin, D04 E2V8
- Commenced50, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn50, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4, D04 C663
- Appeal decided9 Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 H2T2
- Granted43, Tritonville Road, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Commenced22A & 24 South Lotts Road, and 101 Gordon Street, Ringsend Dublin 4
- WithdrawnEmerald Cottages, to rear of, 14, Grand Canal Street, Dubin 2
- Withdrawn22A and 24 South Lotts Road and 101 Gordon Street, Ringsend, Dublin 4, D04 VA09
- WithdrawnEmerald Cottages, to the rear of 14 Grand Canal Street Upper Dublin 2
- Commenced48 Upper Grand Canal Street, Dublin 4, D04 V990
- Granted80, Northumberland Road, Dublin 4
- GrantedThe Creche Unit, The Harvey, Lansdowne Place, Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4
- Granted14, Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn14, Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 4
- GrantedLansdowne Road, north of the DART station, Dublin 4
- Granted47, Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4
- Withdrawnnorth of the DART station, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn80, Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Appeal decidedApartment No. 89, Building no.2, Number One Ballsbridge, New Pembroke Street North, Dublin 4
- GrantedButler's Townhouse, 44, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4, D04 RY96
- WithdrawnApartment 89, Building No 2, Number One Ballsbridge,, New Pembroke Street North, Dublin 4, D04 X5F1
- GrantedRear of 33, Grand Canal Street Upper, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided84 Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 , D04PY94
- Refused15, Malone Gardens, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn84 Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin, 4 , D04PY94
- WithdrawnSide Garden, No. 2 Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Granted81, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 Y7E8
- Commenced51, Northumberland Road, Dublin 4
- Commenced12, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Appeal decidedThe Mews Fairfield Court, Herbert Road, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Commenced47, Grand Canal Street Upper, Dublin 4, D04W7P0
- Granted14, Dodder Terrace, Dublin 4
- Granted58 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided39, Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4
- GrantedLansdowne Place, Dublin 4
- Granted25, Aikenhead Terrace, Stella Gardens, Dublin 4 , D04 V060
- WithdrawnRear of 58, Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided46 O'Connell Gardens, Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04EP03
- Appeal decided18 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 E5C3
- Withdrawn18, Lansdowne Road, Dublin 4, D04 E5C3
- Commenced29, Tritonville Road, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided9, Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 H2T2
- Commenced56, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4
- Granted1, Lansdowne Square, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 R5H6
- Withdrawn25, Aikenhead Terrace, Stella Gardens, Dublin 4, D04V060
- Appeal decidedNo. 147-148 Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge Dublin 4, which is located to the rear of, No. 60 Northumberland Road, Dublin 4, D04 YT91 (A Protected Structure ref: 5923)
- Commenced20 Havelock Square, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 K3K4
- Commenced18, Havelock Square, Dublin 4
- Commenced16 Havelock Square, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 A2R2
- Appeal decided15, Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 P8F7
- Granted59 Tritonville Road, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 E5W9
- Commenced21, O'Connell Gardens, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 FH63
- Granted6, South Lotts Road, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn6 South Lotts Road, Dublin 4, D04FR83
- Commenced11, Margaret Place, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn11, Margaret Place, Dublin 4
- GrantedOne Shelbourne Building (formerly Block A, Ballsbridge Centre), Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4, D04 NP20
- Commenced1, Bath Avenue Gardens, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnOne Shelbourne Building (formerly Block A, Ballsbridge Centre), Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4, D04 NP20
- Appeal decidedLansdowne Lane, to the east of No. 10/10A Lansdowne Terrace, and west of No 1 Berkley Mews,, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge,, Dublin, 4
- Commenced24 Malone Gardens, Off Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04HX54
- Granted42 Northumberland Road, Dublin 4, D04 Y4C4
- Commenced67, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn24 Malone Gardens, Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Commenced54 Celestine Avenue, Irishtown, Dublin 4, D04 V098
- Granted36 Margaret Place, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn1, Bath Avenue Gardens, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn67, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4
- Commenced4 Serpentine Park, Dublin DO4 N2W2
- Commenced16, Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4
- Granted56 Derrynane Gardens, Irishtown, Dublin 4
- Appeal decidedRear garden, 2, Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn1, Bath Avenue Gardens, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnNo. 4 Serpentine Park, Dublin D04N2W2
- Withdrawn36 Margaret Place, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn16, Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4, D04 X921
- WithdrawnNo. 4 Serpentine Park, Dublin, D04N2W2
- Appeal decided12, Bath Avenue Place, Dublin 4, D04 RX63
- Withdrawn12, Bath Avenue Place, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn36 Margaret Place, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn12, Bath Avenue Place, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn4 Serpentine Park, Dublin, D04 N2W2
- Commenced23, The Blake, Lansdowne Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Granted105, Philomena Terrace, Dublin 4, D04 PR58
- CommencedThe Sandymount Hotel, Herbert Road, Dublin 4, D04 VN88
- Commenced30 Vavasour Square, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 DT10
- GrantedNewbridge Mews, rear 45 Tritonville Road, Dublin 4
- Granted3, Malone Gardens, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 R768
- Appeal decided68, Derrynane Gardens, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Commenced71, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4 D04 NH02
- WithdrawnRear of 2 Londonbridge Road, Dublin 4, D04 X084
- WithdrawnNewbridge Mews, Rear 45 Tritonville Road, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn71, Derrynane Gardens, Sandymount, Dublin 4 D04 NH02
- Commenced23 Bath Avenue Gardens, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided7A Londonbridge Road, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided18 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 E5C3
- Withdrawn71, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4 D04 NH02
- WithdrawnRear of 2 Londonbridge Road, Dublin 4, D04 X084
- Granted14 The Hutchins, Lansdowne Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided164 Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4 to rear of protected structures Nos 78 and 80 Northumberland Road .
- Appeal decided2, Lansdowne Gardens, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 D04 V2N7
- Commenced53 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 NY29
- WithdrawnRear of 2 Londonbridge Road, Dublin 4, D04X084
- Granted137, Oliver Plunkett Avenue, Ringsend, Dublin 4 D04 YY83
- Commenced37, Havelock Square, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 H298
- WithdrawnNewbridge Mews, rear 45 Tritonville Road, Dublin 4
- Commenced11, Somerset Street, Dublin 4 D04 XN79
- Withdrawn164, Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4, to the rear of the protected structures at nos.78 and 80, Northumberland Road
- Granted80, Haddington Road, Dublin 4 D04 H6N4
- Commenced2, Lansdowne Terrace,Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4, D04TD90
- Withdrawn137, Oliver Plunkett Avenue, Ringsend, Dublin 4 D04 YY83
- Withdrawn2, Lansdowne Terrace, Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4, D04TD90
- Commenced44, South Lotts Road, Ringsend, Dublin 4 D04 VP44
- Withdrawn80, Haddington Road, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn44, South Lotts Road, Ringsend, Dublin 4
- GrantedNos. 2 and 3 The Harvey, Lansdowne Place, Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Refused71, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4 D04 NH02
- Refused4-6 Bath Avenue, Dublin 4, D04 V8N8
- Refused38, O'Connell Gardens, Dublin 4, D04 F210
- Appeal decidedLands at 23, Lansdowne Village, bounded by Petty Lane to the South and bounded by Tritonville Laneway to the East, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn6 Bath Avenue, Dublin 4, D04 V8N8
- Withdrawn23, Lansdowne Village, bounded by Petty Lane to the south and bounded by Tritonville Laneway to the East, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn28, O'connell Gardens, Dublin 4
- Commenced28, O'Connell Gardens, Dublin 4
- Commenced136, Oliver Plunkett Avenue, Stella Gardens, Irishtown, Dublin 4
- Commenced25, Aikenhead Terrace, Stella Gardens, Dublin 4, D04 V060
- Withdrawn28, O'connell Gardens, Dublin 4 D04 YO78
- Appeal decided59, Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 CY58
- Withdrawn136, Oliver Plunkett Avenue, Stella Gardens, Irishtown, Dublin 4 D04 R585
- Withdrawn25A, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- Refused16, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 X921
- CommencedBaggotrath House, Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4 (including 11 Newbridge Drive, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 C9Y5)
- Withdrawn59 Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 CY58
- Refused71, Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4 D04 NH02
- Withdrawn16, Shelbourne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Granted84, Northumberland Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 PY94
- Appeal decided39 Tritonville Road, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Granted17, Tritonville Road, Dublin 4, D04 YH74
- Refused18, Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 E5C3
- Withdrawn17, Tritonville Road, Dublin 4 D04 YH74
- Commenced83, Saint Magdalen Terrace, Dublin 4
- Commenced124, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04P2K6
- Withdrawn124, Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4 D04 P2K6
- Refused24, Malone Gardens, off Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 HX54
- CommencedLansdowne Place, Lansdowne Road and Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided56, Grand Canal Street Upper, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced28 Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4, D04 YE28
- Commenced36 South Lotts Road, Ringsend, Dublin 4, D04 DE77
- Withdrawn28 Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4, D04 YE28
- Appeal decided18 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced1, Havelock Terrace, Sandymount, Dublin 4 D04 KF25
- Withdrawn1, Havelock Terrace, Sandymount, Dublin 4 D04 KF25
- Granted24 & 22A South Lotts Rd. and 101 Gordon St.,Ringsend, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided5, Malone Gardens, Dublin 4, D04V1F3
- Refused52 Derrynane Gardens, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn52, Derrynane Gardens, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- CommencedLansdowne Place, Lansdowne Road and Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4 and the Ballsbridge Hotel, Pembroke Road, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn52, Derrynane Gardens, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- Granted15, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn15, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4 D04 XK06
- Commenced3, Barrow Street, Dublin 4 D04 T6T1
- Commenced29 Derrynane Gardens, Dublin 4, D04 PC63
- GrantedIBM House & No. 2 Shelbourne Buildings, Shelbourne Road and Crampton Avenue, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 NP20 & D04 W3V6
- Commenced104, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 K4W6
- Granted103, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 V5W5
- Withdrawn15, Bath Avenue, Dublin 4
- Commenced96 Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 K5Y3, and within the curtilage of 18 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4.
- Commenced4, Vavasour Square, Dublin 4, D04 DH74
- Granted124, Lansdowne Park, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn96 Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 and within the curtilage of 18 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn124, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 P2K6
- Withdrawn96 Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 and within the curtilage of 18 Lansdowne Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Granted14, Newbridge Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 Y953.
- Commenced35 Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4, D04 WK19
- Granted13, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn13, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn15, Bath Avenue Road, Dublin 4
- Appeal decidedSite located at Lansdowne Lane, Dublin 4 (to the east of No. 10/10A Lansdowne Terrace and the west of No. 1 Berkley Mews, Lansdowne Lane)
- Refused26, Malone Gardens, Sandymount , Dublin 4
- Withdrawn13, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Granted56, Lansdowne Park, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 D04 W3C6
- Withdrawn26 Malone Gardens, Bath Avenue, Sandymount, Dublin 4
- Refused18, Lansdowne Road,Ballsbridge, Dublin, D04 E5C3
- Commenced22, Bath Avenue Gardens, Dublin 4
- GrantedFormer Clyde Court Hotel part of wider site known as D4 Hotels site, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- CommencedFormer Clyde Court Hotel part of wider site known as D4 Hotels site, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- RefusedNo. 56, Grand Canal Street Upper, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced7A, Londonbridge Road, Dublin 4
Homes nearby
Development land nearby
From Buildable, our sister site for development land in Dublin.
- Permitted, not started · 26 homes granted 03 May 2023, expires 03 May 2028 — 11A & 12 York Road (0.9 km)
- Derelict site — 58 Shelbourne Road, Dublin 4 (0.1 km)
- Derelict site — Derelict site off Irishtown Road, Irishtown, Dublin 4 (0.6 km)
- Residential land off Vavasour Square, Sandymount, Dublin 4 (0.0 km)
- Public land off Vavasour Square, Sandymount, Dublin 4 (0.1 km)
Appeal
Not appealed.
Commencement
No commencement notice matched to this reference.
Zoning at the site
Zone Z2 - DEV PLAN 2022-2028
R2 — Existing residential
Z2: Residential Neighbourhoods (Conservation Areas): To protect and/or improve the amenities of residential conservation areas.
An established residential area. The objective is to protect existing residential amenity as well as to provide housing — which is the objective a neighbour's objection to an overbearing extension is usually argued under.
Designations within 250 m
OPW flood extent nearby — flag only (licence); floodinfo.ie.
- Radon risk area · 1
- Recorded monument · 1
Provenance
Register row from the national planning applications feed (NPAD), fetched 11 Sept 2026, 18:51 (store id 66753). Deadlines were computed by the store from the received / decided dates under the Planning and Development Act 2000 and are recorded as events, not recomputed here.
Source: npad · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 18:51
| Source | Licence | Fetched | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| npad | CC-BY-4.0 | 11 Sept 2026, 18:51 | open |