PlanningRegister.ie
Site report · 500 m radius · generated 14 Sept 2026, 23:29

Blackberry Lane

Eircode Coordinates 53.32831, -6.26502Local authority Dublin City Council
Applications only for this county. Appeals, zoning, RZLT and consultations: Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown and Fingal only for now.

What closes soonest 4 open windows

  • Judicial review window closes 30 Sept 202616 days left
    Invalid - fee S.127(1)(f)
    8 weeks from the Commission's decision (5 Aug 2026) · s.50 Planning and Development Act 2000 · 269 m away
  • Consultation closes 2 Oct 202618 days left
    iMEND 1 - Portobello Community Engagement
    as published by the council (7 Sept 2026) · council consultation portal · 376 m away
  • Judicial review window closes 14 Oct 202630 days left
    Application for leave to appeal refused
    8 weeks from the Commission's decision (19 Aug 2026) · s.50 Planning and Development Act 2000 · 389 m away
  • Judicial review window closes 23 Oct 202639 days left
    Grant permission with conditions
    8 weeks from the Commission's decision (28 Aug 2026) · s.50 Planning and Development Act 2000 · 388 m away
Sources: acp, consult, moderngov, npad, rzlt · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:05
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
acpCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:05open
consultpublic12 Sept 2026, 02:04open
moderngovpublic14 Sept 2026, 21:51open
npadCC-BY-4.014 Sept 2026, 20:39open
rzltCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:23open

Where this is

Settlement
Dublin city and suburbs
Electoral division
Rathmines West A
Local electoral area
Kimmage-Rathmines
Local authority
Dublin City Council
Parcel
Tailte Éireann 5076552 (leasehold), 435 m²

Census 2022, small area 268132012

234
people
89
households
103
dwellings

16.9% owner-occupied, 78.7% privately rented, 0% social. Vacancy 7.8%.

Sources: places, parcels · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 21:28
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
placesCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 21:28open
parcelsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:06open

Zoning evaluated against the point

DCC_DP_OWN ·

Zone Z1 - DEV PLAN 2022-2028

R2 — Existing residential development plan 2022 2028 · 14 Dec 202231 Dec 2028

Z1: Sustainable Residential Neighbourhoods: To protect, provide and improve residential amenities.

What that means: An established residential area. The objective is to protect existing residential amenity as well as to provide housing — which is the objective a neighbour's objection to an overbearing extension is usually argued under.

Source: zoning · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 02:04
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
zoningCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 02:04open

Designations and constraints within 500 m

No OPW CFRAM/NIFM flood extent within 500 m.

DesignationCountExamples
Natural Heritage Area (incl. proposed)1Grand Canal
NIAH-recorded building106Cathal Brugha Barracks; Cathal Brugha Barracks; Cathal Brugha Barracks
Radon risk area1About 1 in 20 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels
Recorded monument2Barracks; R187628
Sources: constraints, constraints.nha, constraints.niah, constraints.radon, constraints.smr · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 19:11
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
constraintsmixed — CC-BY-4.0 except OPW flood (CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0, publishable=false)11 Sept 2026, 19:11open
constraints.nhaCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11open
constraints.niahCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11open
constraints.radonCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11open
constraints.smrCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11open

Residential Zoned Land Tax

This site is on an RZLT mapthe draft map 2027 and the final map 2026 (0.38 ha). The owner is liable for an annual 3% tax on market value while it stays there. Submissions on the draft map closed 1 Apr 2026.
Source: rzlt · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:23
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
rzltCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:23open

Planning applications 247 in 5 years within 500 m

Recent decisions and applications

93
Grant permission
64
Application declared inva
34
Refuse permission
15
Grant retention permissio
  • 20A Mountpleasant Avenue Lower, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 WP82 Registered Application
    The development will consist of : The proposed partial demolition of and alterations to the existing front workspace ; the proposed construction of a new glazed link connecting the front workspace, basement and main dwelling ; the proposed enclosure of the existing basement courtyard ; alterations to bin storage and the front gate ; associated internal and external alterations ; and all associated site development works.
    WEB2874/26received 28 Jul 2026225 m away
  • Site to the rear of no. 26 Richmond Hill, and fronting onto Mountpleasant Avenue Upper, Ranelagh, Dublin 6 Registered Application
    Permission for development consisting demolition of the existing garage building (47m2) and construction of a detached 2-storey 1-no. bedroom Duplex Apartment of 54m2 with 3no. roof lights and first floor balcony (5m2) to the rear with associated site works, bin store, bicycle parking and landscaping to rear terrace.
    WEB2782/26received 17 Jul 2026280 m away
  • 24, 25 & 26 RICHMOND STREET SOUTH, SAINT KEVINS, DUBLIN 2 Registered Application
    PROTECTED STRUCTURE: Demolition of non original existing garage structures to the rear of the 3 properties; construction of 3 No. 3 bedroom, three storey townhouses fronting on to Richmond Place. No. 26 is a Protected Structure
    WEB2751/26received 15 Jul 2026290 m away
  • Rear of No's 24, 25 & 26 Richmond Street South, Saint Kevin's Dublin 2 Application declared invalid
    PROTECTED STRUCTURE the demolition of the non-original existing garage structures located to the rear of the 3 properties; ii) the construction of 3 no. three bedroom three storey townhouses to the rear and fronting onto Richmond Place South; iii) the provision of private open space to the rear of each house and iv) SUDS and foul drainage, boundary treatments and all associated site development and ancillary works necessary to facilitate the proposed development. No. 26 is a Protected Structure, RPS ref. 7363.
    WEB2593/26received 26 Jun 2026decided 29 Jun 2026290 m away
  • 36-37, Harrington Street, Dublin 8, D08 DDC2 Registered Application
    Change of use of an existing three-storey over lower ground floor office building at No. 36-37 Harrington Street, to use as a 27-bedroom guest house; and  the demolition of Matthew Byrne Hall and ancillary structures to the rear of No. 36-37 Harrington Street and facing Synge Street, to facilitate: (i) Works to the three-storey over lower ground floor building at No. 36-37 Harrington Street including: a) alterations and refurbishment of existing window openings, door openings, and entrances; b) replacement of all existing non-original PVC windows to hardwood sash windows; c) reconfiguration of internal partition walls; d) removal of internal staircase; e) refurbishment of existing external railings; f) provision of external lift/goods hoist; g) provision of new escape stairs; and h) alterations to existing embankment onto Harrington Street, to form an external landscaped and seating area; (ii) Construction of a four-storey extension to the rear of the proposed guest house including, additional bedrooms for the guest house, new staircase, 1 no. external lift, fire escape corridors, and a permeable courtyard;  (iii) Construction of 4 no. three-storey, four-bedroom, terraced houses in place of Matthew Byrne Hall, to be accessed via Synge Street. Each house will comprise of private courtyards and gardens at ground floor level, terraces at first and second floor levels and roof terraces at third floor level; (iv) Provision of 21 no. bicycle parking spaces including 10 no. short stay and 3 no. long-stay spaces for guest house use and 8 no. spaces for residential use (2 no. per house); and (v) All ancillary works including site clearance, boundary treatments, SuDS and other drainage infrastructure, external signage, hard and soft landscaping, and provision of bin stores as necessary for the development.
    WEB2447/26received 11 Jun 20264 units491 m away
  • 25 Mountpleasant Avenue Lower, and corner of Richmond Hill, Dublin 6, D06X392 Planners Report
    The demolition of an unused derelict building and the construction of a new three-story apartment building. The proposed layout includes: Two studios at ground floor and one two-bed apartment on the first and second floors. Each apartment will be provided with bicycle and refuse storage. The main entrance will remain in its existing location on Mountpleasant Avenue Lower, accessed through a landscaped courtyard.
    WEB2424/26received 10 Jun 20264 units235 m away
  • 25, Mountpleasant Avenue Lower, Dublin 6, D06 X392 and the corner of Richmond Hill Application declared invalid
    The demolition of an unused derelict building and the construction of a new three-story apartment building. The proposed layout includes: ground floor- two studio apartments; first floor- one two-bed apartment; second floor- one two-bed apartment. Each apartment will be provided with bicycle and refuse storage. The main entrance will remain in its existing location on Mountpleasant Avenue Lower, accessed through a landscaped courtyard.
    WEB2355/26received 4 Jun 2026decided 5 Jun 2026235 m away
  • No.8 Mountpleasant Avenue Upper (a protected structure),, Rathmines,, Dublin 6, D06 A263 Additional information
    PROTECTED STRUCTURE: The development will consist of: 1. Removal of first floor non-original extension to rear return and adjoining single storey outbuilding; 2. Construction of a replacement first floor extension with bedroom / hall w.c. over existing rear return with rooflight and a new single storey rear extension with rooflight; 3. Internal Works to the main house / return as follows: Lower Ground Floor : • Removal / alterations (new opening) and infill to internal walls; • New partition and door to front room; • Removal of concrete slab throughout and replacement with breathable build-up, • Removal of all non-original modern fixtures and fittings and replacement of modern shower room; • Reinstatement / alteration of existing door opening to access proposed rear extension and new partition layout to create shower room and utility – all within rear return; Upper Ground Floor Plan : • Removal of non-original landing door / screen into above rear return extension, partial infill / reduction of opening; • Installation of modern kitchen / associated services in main rear reception room; • Replacement of modern timber floor finishes to rear room only; First Floor : • Removal / reconfiguration of non-original partitions and associated reconfiguration / alteration of landing wall and door openings; • Removal of all non-original modern fixtures and fittings and replacement of modern shower room; • Replacement / reinstatement of damaged ceiling joists /ceiling plasterwork and replacement of modern timber floor finishes all within bathroom / rear room only; • Relocation and enlargement of existing attic access hatches; • Reinstatement of rear arched landing window; 4. All associated conservation works to joinery / plasterwork features, structural stabilisation works to walls / floors at all levels; full services upgrades and window refurbishment works throughout; all site, landscaping and drainage works.
    WEB2207/26received 19 May 2026decided 10 Jul 2026392 m away
  • 38B Richmond Street South, Dublin 2, D02 YP96 Application declared invalid
    The development consists of the installation of an illuminated sign at the front elevation of the property
    WEB2171/26received 14 May 2026decided 18 May 2026269 m away
  • 19, Mountpleasant Avenue Upper, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06F8W2 Grant permission
    Permission for development at this site 19 Mountpleasant Avenue Upper, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 F8W2. The development will consist of Permission for development to existing 2 storey 3-bedroom terraced dwelling of 130m2 consisting of new 34m2 second floor extension consisting of master bedroom, ensuite bathroom, storage, extension of existing chimney to accommodate new extension, new standing seam zinc clad to canopy over existing rear terrace, 1no. velux to the front roof pitch and associated site works.
    WEB1952/26received 23 Apr 2026decided 16 Jun 2026449 m away

`description` is truncated at source (80 chars for DLR, 70 for Fingal) and `applicant` is null nationally — NPAD publishes neither in full.

Source: npad · fetched 14 Sept 2026, 20:39
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
npadCC-BY-4.014 Sept 2026, 20:39open

Appeals 50 in 5 years within 500 m

Source: acp · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:05
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
acpCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:05open

Commencement notices 52 in 3 years within 500 m

  • Charlemont Square, Dublin 2, Dublin, D02 X9Y6 Commencement notice
    18 Sept 2026CN0147601DC401 m away
  • 1 Charlemont Square, Dublin, Dublin 2 Short commencement notice
    14 Sept 2026CN0147286DC311 m away
  • 35 Mountpleasant Square, Dublin 6 Opt out commencement notice
    4 Aug 2026CN0145549DC4946/23310 m away
  • 73 Grove Park, Dublin 6, D06 CY66 Short commencement notice
    22 Jun 2026CN0143709DCWEB1086/25159 m away
  • 21 Warren Street, Dublin 8, D08 X2F5 Short commencement notice
    15 Jun 2026CN0143409DCWEB1409/26322 m away
  • 38 Martin Street, Dublin 8, D08 F9K7 Short commencement notice
    11 Jun 2026CN0143376DCWEB1388/26302 m away
  • 22 Portobello Road, Dublin, Dublin 8, D08 C5F6 Opt out commencement notice
    27 May 2026CN0142790DC3574/24429 m away
  • Harcourt Road, Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 VH94 Short commencement notice
    9 Mar 2026CN0139310DC492 m away
  • 7 Mountpleasant Avenue Upper, Dublin, Dublin 6, D06 H308 Short commencement notice
    3 Mar 2026CN0138876DC4280/24396 m away
  • Block 1 Charlemont Walk, Charlemont Square, Dublin 2, Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 FK02 Seven day notice
    2 Mar 2026SN0013798DC380 m away

One notice can cover many buildings — count notices, never building rows, or a single multi-unit scheme reads as a trend (T11).

Source: bcms · fetched 13 Sept 2026, 23:40
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
bcmsCC-BY-4.013 Sept 2026, 23:40open

Sales 109 in 36 months within 500 m

€575,000
median price
€8,193/m²
median €/m²
109
sales
109
rooftop-geocoded
29
with listing detail
0
new builds

€120,000€1,535,000, 28 Sept 2023 to 10 Jul 2026.

AddressSoldPriceAskingTypeBeds€/m²BERDist.
8 LOWER MOUNT PLEASANT AVE, RATHMINES, DUBLIN 610 Jul 2026€1,150,000€1,200,000House31477,823182 m
APT 34, HARCOURT GREEN, CHARLEMONT ST DUBLIN 23 Jun 2026€335,000429 m
2/3 GARDEN VILLAS, PORTOBELLO HARBOUR, DUBLIN 81 May 2026€460,000€475,000End of Terrace2805,750F300 m
APARTMENT 14 PORTOBELLO HARBOUR, GROVE ROAD, DUBLIN 68 Apr 2026€490,000€385,000House1637,778C2165 m
15 RATHMINES TOWN CENTRE, RATHMINES, DUBLIN 627 Feb 2026€292,000€295,000Apartment1377,892D1324 m
19 MOUNTPLEASANT AVE LOWER, RANELAGH, DUBLIN 619 Feb 2026€1,425,000€1,295,000House31589,019203 m
MARIA, 30 KINGSLAND PARADE, PORTOBELLO DUBLIN 811 Feb 2026€582,500€595,000House2658,962C2380 m
14 BANNAVILLE, RANELAGH, DUBLIN 613 Jan 2026€551,000€425,000Terrace2826,720E1270 m
40 MARTIN ST, PORTOBELLO, DUBLIN 815 Dec 2025€680,000€650,000Terrace2838,193D2301 m
21 KINGSLAND PARK AVENUE, PORTOBELLO, DUBLIN 828 Nov 2025€1,000,000€905,000Terrace31128,929B2453 m

PPR addresses are geocoded, not surveyed — a sale's position is as good as its address match (`rooftop_n` says how many are address-accurate). Beds, floor area, BER and asking price come from the matched daft.ie advertisement, not from the Register, and only where a match was found (`enriched_n`).

Sources: cara_listings, daft_gateway, ppr · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 20:14
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
cara_listingsThird-party advertisement data captured by Cara from daft.ie. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (licensed PSP name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers and all vendor/buyer identities are dropped.11 Sept 2026, 20:14open
daft_gatewayThird-party advertisement data read from daft.ie's own JSON gateway. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (the licensed PSP's name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers, profile images and all media URLs are dropped at fetch time and never written down. Vendor and buyer identities are not in this data.14 Sept 2026, 22:12open
pprPSI — PSRA re-use terms (psr.ie/re-use-of-public-sector-information). Free re-use in any format provided the source and PSRA copyright are acknowledged, the data is reproduced accurately and not used misleadingly, and it is NOT used 'for the principal purpose of advertising or promoting a particular product or service'. Attribution: 'Contains PSRA Residential Property Price Register data, © Property Services Regulatory Authority.'14 Sept 2026, 20:32open

Consultations 4 matched by place

Source: consult · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 02:04
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
consultpublic12 Sept 2026, 02:04open

Council items 10 in 24 months

Source: moderngov · fetched 14 Sept 2026, 21:51
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
moderngovpublic14 Sept 2026, 21:51open

Capacity and public land

No publishable utility-capacity record within the radius. 32 records from Esb substation withheld: source licence forbids redistribution; see the operator's own register.

Public land (LDA register of relevant lands)

  • The Minister for DefenceDublin city and suburbs
    15.68 ha81 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
  • The Office of Public WorksDublin city and suburbs
    0.24 hafolio DN199516F200 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
  • Dublin City CouncilDublin city and suburbs
    0.19 hafolio DN206124F352 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
  • Dublin City CouncilDublin city and suburbs
    1.17 hafolio DN223061F389 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
  • Technological University DublinDublin city and suburbs
    0.53 hafolio DN227428F403 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
  • Dublin City CouncilDublin city and suburbs
    0.11 hafolio DN206123F406 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
  • Railway Procurement AgencyDublin city and suburbs
    0.13 hafolio DN124310L487 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
Sources: esbn, lda_lands · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 16:42
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
esbnall-rights-reserved (esbnetworks.ie disclaimer: personal/non-commercial, no modification or republication without written ESB permission) — permission NOT sought · not redistributable — shown as a flag only11 Sept 2026, 16:42open
lda_landsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 16:43open

Schools and public transport within 1.0 km

Schools

  • St. Mary's College C.S.Sp., Rathmines
    postprimary500 pupilsCATHOLIC150 m
  • St. Louis National School
    primary590 pupilsCatholic443 m
  • RANELAGH MULTI DENOM NS
    primary221 pupilsMulti Denominational516 m
  • SANCTA MARIA C B S
    primary103 pupilsCatholic580 m
  • Christian Brothers, Synge St.
    postprimary256 pupilsCATHOLIC615 m
  • HARCOURT TERRACE EDUCATE TOGETHER NATIONAL SCHOOL
    primary294 pupilsMulti Denominational642 m
  • ST CLARES CONVENT N S
    primary163 pupilsCatholic738 m
  • St Louis High School
    postprimary690 pupilsCATHOLIC849 m

Stops 82 · routes 11, 116, 118, 11B, 120A, 122, 125, 126U, 133, 14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 16, 16D, 180, 181, 32X, 37, 38, 38A, 38B, 38D, 39, 39A, 39X, 41X, 44, 44D, 46n, 49n, 511, 65, 65B, 68, 68A, 70, 700, 740, 740A, 740X, 783, 7B, 7D, 80, 82, 845, 847, 910, E1, E2, F1, F2, F3, Green, S2, X1, X2, X25, X26, X27, X28, X30, X31, X32

  • Grove Park
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 65, 65B, 80, 8273 m
  • Cathal Brugha Brrks
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 49n, 65, 65B, 80, 8284 m
  • Cathal Brugha Brrks
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 65, 65B, 80, 82114 m
  • Grove Park
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 49n, 65, 65B, 80, 82127 m
  • Military Road
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 49n, 65, 65B, 80, 82209 m
  • Richmond St South
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 49n, 65, 65B, 80, 82286 m
  • Richmond St South
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 65, 65B, 80, 82304 m
  • Rathmines
    14, 142, 15, 15A, 15B, 15D, 180, 49n, 65, 65B, 80, 82359 m
Sources: gtfs, schools · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 19:16
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
gtfsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:16open
schoolsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 16:41open

Sources used in this report

SectionSourceLicenceFetched
LocationplacesCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 21:28
ParcelparcelsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:06
ZoningzoningCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 02:04
Constraintsconstraintsmixed — CC-BY-4.0 except OPW flood (CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0, publishable=false)11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraintsconstraints.nhaCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraintsconstraints.niahCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraintsconstraints.radonCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraintsconstraints.smrCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:11
RzltrzltCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:23
PlanningnpadCC-BY-4.014 Sept 2026, 20:39
AppealsacpCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:05
CommencementsbcmsCC-BY-4.013 Sept 2026, 23:40
Salescara_listingsThird-party advertisement data captured by Cara from daft.ie. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (licensed PSP name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers and all vendor/buyer identities are dropped.11 Sept 2026, 20:14
Salesdaft_gatewayThird-party advertisement data read from daft.ie's own JSON gateway. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (the licensed PSP's name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers, profile images and all media URLs are dropped at fetch time and never written down. Vendor and buyer identities are not in this data.14 Sept 2026, 22:12
SalespprPSI — PSRA re-use terms (psr.ie/re-use-of-public-sector-information). Free re-use in any format provided the source and PSRA copyright are acknowledged, the data is reproduced accurately and not used misleadingly, and it is NOT used 'for the principal purpose of advertising or promoting a particular product or service'. Attribution: 'Contains PSRA Residential Property Price Register data, © Property Services Regulatory Authority.'14 Sept 2026, 20:32
Consultationsconsultpublic12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Council itemsmoderngovpublic14 Sept 2026, 21:51
Capacityesbnall-rights-reserved (esbnetworks.ie disclaimer: personal/non-commercial, no modification or republication without written ESB permission) — permission NOT sought · not redistributable, flag only11 Sept 2026, 16:42
Public landlda_landsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 16:43
Projectssocial_housingCC-BY-SA-4.011 Sept 2026, 20:13
AmenitiesgtfsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 19:16
AmenitiesschoolsCC-BY-4.011 Sept 2026, 16:41
DeadlinesacpCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:05
Deadlinesconsultpublic12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Deadlinesmoderngovpublic14 Sept 2026, 21:51
DeadlinesnpadCC-BY-4.014 Sept 2026, 20:39
DeadlinesrzltCC-BY-4.012 Sept 2026, 00:23

Generated 14 Sept 2026, 23:29 from the Planning Register store. Nothing on this page was fetched live: every figure was already in the store with the fetch time shown. Deadlines are derived from published receipt and decision dates under the Planning and Development Act 2000; confirm with the planning authority before relying on them.