PlanningRegister.ie
Planning report · Fingal County Council · 500 m around the house · the last 12 months · 31 Oct 2026, 04:40

Carrickbrack Road, Howth, Sutton North

53.37609, -6.08962

Homes here mostly date from 1919–1945. Most home extensions nearby get approved (86%).

See on the mapWatch this area

How planning works, with this area's numbers

steps can overlap · medians for home extensions within 1.5 km, 10 years
  1. 1ApplySite notice up, plans online
  2. 2Comments5 weeks, €20. Comment to keep your right to appeal
  3. 3Decision8 weeks by law. Here 50 days
  4. 4Appeal window4 weeks after the decision
  5. 5AppealHere about 4 months
  6. 6PermissionLasts 5 years
  7. 7StartStart notice to the council. Here about 6 months after
  8. 8Sign-offCompletion cert, or the owner opts out
Question 1

What's the planning story of this house?

Figure 1

When it was built, and the rules since

Most homes here were built 1919–45, before planning permission was needed.

Timeline from 1915: planning permission needed from October 1964, building regulations from June 1992, building records online from March 2014, sign-off opt-out from September 2015. Most homes here were built 1919–1945.19201930194019501960197019801990200020102020Oct 1964permission neededJun 1992building regulationsMar 2014building records onlineSep 2015owners may opt out of sign-offThis houseAll of Carrickbrack RoadBuilt: most homes in this small area date from 1919–1945 (census estimate)most built2022: 1 file on Carrickbrack Road2023: 2 files on Carrickbrack Road2024: 1 file on Carrickbrack Road2025: 7 files on Carrickbrack Road11 files

Each line is a rule that applies to work done after it.

MeasuredEstimatecouncil register via NPAD · build years: CSO Census 2022, small area

On this site
R2
Zoning · Existing residential
No
Protected or listed · on the council's list
No
Vacant land tax · lived-in homes don't pay it
1 in 10
Radon (EPA) · homes with high radon
Zoning, protection, tax and flood: the detail
Zoning
What it says

RS - Residential: Ensure that any new development in existing areas would have a minimal impact on and enhance existing residential amenity.

ZoningR2 · Existing residential
What it says

RS - Residential: Provide for residential development and protect and improve residential amenity

An established residential area. The objective is to protect existing residential amenity as well as to provide housing — which is the objective a neighbour's objection to an overbearing extension is usually argued under.

the fingal development plan 2023 2029 · 5 Apr 2023 – 5 Apr 2029

Radon1 in 10 homes have high radon (EPA)

Not on this site: protected building, heritage inventory, monument zone, conservation area, EU nature site, EU bird site, natural heritage area, tree order, landslide risk, derelict list.

Vacant land taxNo lived-in homes don't pay it
Flood riskNone mapped within 500 m
Within 500 mCountFor example
Natural heritage areas1Howth Head
Heritage inventory buildings4graveyard/cemetery; Saint Fintan's Cemetery
Radon grid squares3
Protected buildings3St. Fintan's Church (in ruins) & Graveyard; St. Fintan's Well
EU nature sites1Howth Head SAC
Monuments8Ecclesiastical enclosure; Church
How we work this out
'On this site' means the record's own map outline touches the registered parcel (or a 12 m circle round the point where there is no parcel). Only the council's own list confirms a protected building; ask the council if in doubt. The council's map for the vacant land tax shows this spot inside an area of existing homes. Homes people live in, and their gardens, don't pay the tax. The OPW flood map's licence lets us show a yes/no only.
Sources: Development plan zoning (councils), EPA radon map, Residential Zoned Land Tax maps, Constraint layers (bundle), Natural Heritage Areas (NPWS), National Inventory of Architectural Heritage, Records of Protected Structures, Special Areas of Conservation (NPWS), Sites and Monuments Record · fetched 25 Oct 2026, 23:43
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
Development plan zoning (councils)CC BY 4.025 Oct 2026, 23:06open
EPA radon mapCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026, 19:36open
Residential Zoned Land Tax mapsCC BY 4.025 Oct 2026, 23:43open
Constraint layers (bundle)CC BY 4.0, CC BY-NC-ND 4.027 Sept 2026, 19:37open
Natural Heritage Areas (NPWS)CC BY 4.027 Sept 2026, 19:27open
National Inventory of Architectural HeritageCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026, 19:35open
Records of Protected StructuresCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026, 19:36open
Special Areas of Conservation (NPWS)CC BY 4.027 Sept 2026, 19:27open
Sites and Monuments RecordCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026, 19:29open
How we work this out
Applications whose site outline (or map point) falls on this property. 'No sign building has started' means we found no notice to the council's building control office; small jobs don't always file one, so ask. A missing completion certificate is not proof of a problem: an owner can opt out of official sign-off for a house or extension built for themselves.
Sources: Building Control Management System (commencement notices), National Planning Application Database · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:56
SourceLicenceFetchedLink
Building Control Management System (commencement notices)CC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:56open
National Planning Application DatabaseCC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:03open
Question 2

Could you extend?

Nothing on this site restricts it: not protected, not in a conservation area.

Figure 2

What happened to applications like yours

Extensions are almost always approved here: 86% by type. A new house in a garden is harder: 71% approved, and 1 in 2 are asked for more information.

Attic or dormer28 decided · more info asked 7%
86% · council 92%
New house in a garden or site14 decided · more info asked 50%
71% · council 53%
Approved nearbyFingal overall

Decided applications within 1.5 km, received in the last 10 years. The kind of work is read from each description.

CalculatedOur classificationcouncil register via NPAD · 42 nearby, 1,612 council-wide

Figure 3

Carrickbrack Road, file by file since 2022

2 of 2 decided extensions on the road were approved.

11 planning files on Carrickbrack Road since 2022, by kind and decision.20222023202420252026Extensions, atticsNo number · 2022 · other extension · approved · F21A/0420No. 12B · 2025 · porch / front · withdrawn or invalid · F25A/0172ENo. 12B · 2025 · porch / front · approved · F25A/0187EPorches, roofs, otherNo number · 2023 · other work · refused · F22A/0559No number · 2023 · other work · refused · F23A/0277No number · 2024 · other work · refused · F24A/0843ENo number · 2025 · other work · approved · F25A/0350No number · 2025 · other work · withdrawn or invalid · F25A/0591ENo number · 2025 · other work · withdrawn or invalid · F25A/0592ENo number · 2025 · other work · approved · F25A/0622ENo number · 2025 · other work · approved · F25A/0623ENew house in a side garden
ApprovedRefusedWithdrawn or invalid

11 files with "Carrickbrack Road" in the address within 600 m, other roads of the same name left out. Hover a dot for the house number and reference.

MeasuredOur classificationcouncil register via NPAD · 2022–2026

Extensions and refusals right beside you 0 within 250 m · 0 refused within 100 m

Extensions and refusals near you 0 extensions within 250 m · the last 12 months

No home extensions within 250 m in the last 12 months.

Refused within 100 m 0 in the last 12 months

Nothing refused this close in the last 12 months.

    How we work this out
    Home extensions are read from the application's description (extension, attic or dormer, porch, garage conversion, garden room), so a few may be missed or mislabelled. The kind is the first that fits: a dormer with a rear extension counts as a dormer. Refusal reasons come from An Coimisiún Pleanála's inspector reports, so they exist only where the refusal was appealed (Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown so far). The council's own reasons are on its planning file.
    Sources: National Planning Application Database, An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed) · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:03
    SourceLicenceFetchedLink
    National Planning Application DatabaseCC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:03open
    An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed)CC BY 4.030 Oct 2026, 23:01open
    Sources: An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed), Building Control Management System (commencement notices), National Planning Application Database · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:56
    SourceLicenceFetchedLink
    An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed)CC BY 4.030 Oct 2026, 23:01open
    Building Control Management System (commencement notices)CC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:56open
    National Planning Application DatabaseCC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:03open
    Question 3

    How long, and what if someone objects?

    Figure 4

    A home extension's journey here

    A decision takes 50 days. 1 in 8 is asked for more information, which adds about 132 days. Building starts about 6 months after permission.

    Comments open: 5 weeks · €20; Council decision: 50 days; Appeal window: 4 weeks; If appealed: +134 days; Building starts: 174 days after permission0 mo3 mo6 mo9 mo12 moComments openComments close 5 weeks after the application is lodged5 weeks · €20Council decisionDecision: median 50 days, middle half 46–54 (n=69)50 daysAppeal windowAnyone who commented can appeal within 4 weeks of the decision4 weeksIf appealedAt An Coimisiún Pleanála: median 134 days (n=29, all appeals within 1.5 km)+134 daysBuilding startsStart notice: median 174 days after permission (n=43)174 days after permissionSigned off56% of owners opt out of sign-off

    Bars are medians; whiskers show the middle half. Medians of separate steps don't add up exactly.

    Calculated79 decided home extensions, 43 start notices, 29 decided appeals · within 1.5 km, 10 years · NPAD, BCMS, An Coimisiún Pleanála

    Figure 5

    What appeals changed

    6 of 15 appealed refusals became permissions. 2 of 15 appealed approvals were reversed.

    Refusals appealed15 decided
    6 became permissions
    Approvals appealed15 decided
    2 reversed
    Ended approvedEnded refusedWithdrawn, invalid or other

    Every appeal decided within 1.5 km in 10 years, any kind of development.

    CalculatedAn Coimisiún Pleanála cases linked to the council file

    Appeals nearby 1 in the last 12 months
    • 501070 Open · 65 St. Fintan's Road, Sutton, Dublin 13 · 392 m
    Sources: An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed), Courts Service legal diary (judicial reviews), National Planning Application Database · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:03
    SourceLicenceFetchedLink
    An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed)CC BY 4.030 Oct 2026, 23:01open
    Courts Service legal diary (judicial reviews)© the publisher30 Oct 2026, 23:12open
    National Planning Application DatabaseCC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:03open
    Question 4

    What's changing around you?

    Street map around Carrickbrack Road, Howth, Sutton North with 4 numbered planning items
    ⌖ the houseBuilding startedNo decision yetApproved
    1. 126 South Hill, Fingal F24A/0469EBuilding started · 186 m
    2. 2No.5 South Hill, Sutton F26A/0578ENo decision yet · 115 m
    3. 365 St. Fintan's Road, Sutton F26A/0059Approved · 392 m
    4. 4Westglow, 37 Sheilmartin Road F26A/0272EApproved · 472 m
    Figure 6

    What happens to applications within 500 m

    Permission isn't building. Of 21 permissions since 2016, 11 show a start notice and 2 have a completion certificate. Most owners opt out of sign-off.

    35 applications lodged within 500 m. Council: 21 approved, 7 refused. After appeals: 21 approved. Of those: 2 signed off, 6 built with the owner's opt-out, 3 started, 10 with no start notice found, 0 ran out.LODGEDCOUNCIL DECISIONAFTER APPEALSWHAT HAPPENED NEXT21: lodged → approved7: lodged → refused6: lodged → withdrawn or invalid1: lodged → undecided20: approved → approved6: refused → refused6: withdrawn or invalid → withdrawn1: undecided → undecided1 approved by the council, undecided after an appeal1 refused by the council, approved after an appeal10: approved → no start notice found6: approved → built, owner opted out3: approved → started, not signed off2: approved → signed off35 lodged35 lodged21 approved21 approved7 refused7 refused6 withdrawn or invalid6 withdrawn or invalid1 undecided1 undecided21 approved21 approved6 refused6 refused6 withdrawn6 withdrawn2 undecided2 undecided10 no start notice found10 no start notice found6 built, owner opted out6 built, owner opted out3 started, not signed off3 started, not signed off2 signed off2 signed off

    Purple bands are refusals turned into permissions on appeal. "No start notice found" includes small jobs that never needed one and notices we couldn't match.

    Measured35 applications in 10 years · NPAD, An Coimisiún Pleanála, BCMS start notices and completion certificates

    Figure 7

    The next 30 days

    Nothing closes within 500 m in the next 30 days.

      Measuredcouncil registers and An Coimisiún Pleanála · deadlines worked out from the dates on file

      Figure 8

      Applications within 500 m, by year

      Between 3 and 13 a year; busiest 2025. 75% of decisions were approvals.

      2021: 4, 2022: 3, 2023: 5, 2024: 7, 2025: 13, 2026: 3051015202021: 4 approved4’21*2022: 3 approved3’222023: 2 approved2023: 2 refused2023: 1 withdrawn or invalid5’232024: 3 approved2024: 3 refused2024: 1 withdrawn or invalid7’242025: 7 approved2025: 2 refused2025: 4 withdrawn or invalid13’252026: 2 approved2026: 1 undecided3’26*
      ApprovedRefusedWithdrawn or invalidUndecided

      2021 and 2026 are part years (*). Exemption requests and time extensions are left out.

      Measuredcouncil register via NPAD

      Every application within 500 m 3 in the last 12 months

      See every application on the map

      How we work this out
      Descriptions are shortened by the national planning database (to 80 characters in Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown, 70 in Fingal), and it does not publish applicants' names.
      Sources: National Planning Application Database, An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed), Building Control Management System (commencement notices) · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:56
      SourceLicenceFetchedLink
      National Planning Application DatabaseCC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:03open
      An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed)CC BY 4.030 Oct 2026, 23:01open
      Building Control Management System (commencement notices)CC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:56open
      Building work nearby 3 in the last 12 months
      3 no sign-off needed
      • 41 Saint Fintan's Crescent, Dublin 13, Dublin, D13 N8W6 · 19 Oct 2026 · 1 homes · start notice, opted out no sign-off needed · F25A/0929E · 352 m
      • Westglow, 37 Shielmartin Road, Sutton, Dublin 13, Dublin, D13 PT88 · 28 Aug 2026 · start notice, opted out no sign-off needed · F26A/0272E · 493 m
      • 126 South Hill, Fingal, D13 HR66 · 26 May 2026 · short notice no sign-off needed · F24A/0469E · 186 m
      How we work this out
      Each row is a notice the builder sent to the council's building control office before work started. One notice can cover many homes. 'Signed off as finished' means a completion certificate is on file; work done under an opt-out or a short notice doesn't need one.
      Source: Building Control Management System (commencement notices) · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:56
      SourceLicenceFetchedLink
      Building Control Management System (commencement notices)CC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:56open
      0
      Named places nearby: estate, schemes, crèches, schools
      How busy is this area Busier than most of Fingal County Council.
      Homes approved
      Here0
      Council middle0
      Homes started
      Here17
      Council middle4
      How we work this out
      Homes approved counts schemes of 10 or more homes (one-off houses are not included). Homes started counts every home in a notice that building work was starting. The council figure is the middle value across the council's built-up squares of the same area (3.1 km², about a 1 km circle), so half of them saw more and half fewer.
      Sources: An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed), Building Control Management System (commencement notices), National Planning Application Database · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:56
      SourceLicenceFetchedLink
      An Coimisiún Pleanála cases (ArcGIS feed)CC BY 4.030 Oct 2026, 23:01open
      Building Control Management System (commencement notices)CC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:56open
      National Planning Application DatabaseCC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:03open
      Question 5

      What's the area like?

      Figure 9

      This street block against the council

      58% of homes built before 1971 (council 11%). 84% owner-occupied (council 67%).

      Homes built before 1971
      58% · council 11%
      Homes built since 2001
      17% · council 43%
      Owner-occupied
      84% · council 67%
      Rented
      12% · council 28%
      Children under 15
      15% · council 22%
      Aged 65 and over
      26% · council 11%
      Households with 2+ cars
      69% · council 42%
      Work mainly from home
      22% · council 12%
      This small area (373 people)Fingal

      MeasuredCSO Census 2022, Small Area Population Statistics (CC BY 4.0) · small area 267095005

      Road noise
      55–59 dB
      day–night average (EPA 2022)
      Bus
      82 m
      Howth Golf Club · 6 · busiest stop within 500 m: 3 an hour at peak
      Radon
      1 in 10
      homes here likely high (EPA). Test it
      Nearest school
      249 m
      Sutton Park School, 503 pupils
      Homes sold nearby
      9
      in 3 years (Property Price Register)
      Schools, stops and the council

      Schools

      • Sutton Park School · postprimary · 503 pupils · 249 m
      • St Fintans Ns · primary · 431 pupils · 603 m

      Stops 20

      • Howth Golf Club · 6 · 2/hour at peak · 82 m
      • Howth Golf Club · 31n, 6 · 1/hour at peak · 118 m
      • Howth Cemetery · 31n, 6 · 1/hour at peak · 219 m
      • Howth Cemetery · 6 · 2/hour at peak · 286 m
      • Sutton Park School · 102C, 102T, 6 · 3/hour at peak · 356 m
      • Sutton Castle · 6 · 3/hour at peak · 401 m
      • St Fintan's Road · 6 · 2/hour at peak · 405 m
      • St Fintan's Road · 31n, 6 · 1/hour at peak · 450 m

      Schools growing or shrinking planning in 3 years · pupils last year

      • Sutton Park School · 248 m+2.4% pupils (503)
      • St Fintans Ns · 603 m-3.8% pupils (431)

      Council meetings 30 items

      Sources: Public transport stops and routes (NTA GTFS), Department of Education school list, National Planning Application Database, Council consultation portals, Council meetings (ModernGov), Land Development Agency public land register, cso_saps_2022, National Transport Authority, Fingal County Council and Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council development plan layers (CC BY 4.0), dartplus.ie project extents over NTA GTFS rail shapes (CC BY 4.0), EPA strategic noise maps, Fingal County Council · fetched 31 Oct 2026, 02:21
      SourceLicenceFetchedLink
      Public transport stops and routes (NTA GTFS)CC BY 4.025 Oct 2026, 23:02open
      Department of Education school listCC BY 4.027 Oct 2026, 23:04open
      National Planning Application DatabaseCC BY 4.031 Oct 2026, 02:03open
      Council consultation portalsPublic31 Oct 2026, 01:06open
      Council meetings (ModernGov)Public31 Oct 2026, 02:21open
      Land Development Agency public land registerCC BY 4.011 Sept 2026, 16:43open
      cso_saps_2022CC BY 4.0—open
      National Transport AuthorityCC BY 4.0——
      Fingal County Council and Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council development plan layers (CC BY 4.0)CC BY 4.0——
      dartplus.ie project extents over NTA GTFS rail shapes (CC BY 4.0)CC BY 4.0——
      EPA strategic noise mapsCC BY 4.0——
      Fingal County CouncilCC BY 4.0——
      Question 6

      What to ask, and who

      1. High radon area (1 in 10 homes): has it been tested?
        Ask for: Radon test results.
        Seller
      2. Any work done without planning permission?
        Ask for: An opinion of compliance for the whole house.
        Seller · solicitor
      Reference

      Where this is, the terms, the sources

      Townland
      Sutton North
      Electoral division
      Howth
      Electoral area
      Howth-Malahide
      Council
      Fingal County Council
      Everything we found, as a list 8 lines
      • Zoned R2 (existing residential); not protected; no vacant land tax; high radon area.
      • Nothing nearby looks set to change.
      • Sutton Park School (bus 102C, 102T) 356 m away: 3 an hour at morning peak; 14 from all stops within 500 m.
      • Noise from road traffic mapped at 55–59 dB (day-evening-night average, EPA 2022).
      • Here (2022 census): 84% owner-occupied (council 67%); 11% of homes empty (council 5%); most built 1919–1945; 53% drive to work (council 52%); population up 1% since 2016.
      • Around here the council decides in a median 55 days (about 8 weeks); 1 in 3 is asked for more information.
      • 3 applications nearby in the last 12 months.
      • 1 building job started within 250 m in the last six months.
      What the terms mean 6 terms
      • Vacant land tax (Residential Zoned Land Tax (RZLT)): A yearly tax of 3% of the land's value on land that is zoned for homes and serviced but left unbuilt.
      • Building started (Commencement notice (BCMS)): The builder must tell the council's building control office 14 to 28 days before work starts.
      • Signed off as finished (Certificate of Compliance on Completion): A certificate filed when a building is finished, confirming it meets the building regulations.
      • Approved (Grant of permission): The council said yes, usually with conditions.
      • Appeal (Appeal to An Coimisiún Pleanála): The applicant, or anyone who commented in time, can appeal the council's decision within four weeks.
      • What the land is zoned for (Zoning objective): The council's development plan sets what each area is for: homes, shops, open space and so on.
      Sources and licences 30
      SourcePublisherLicenceFetched
      EPA strategic noise maps—CC BY 4.0—
      Fingal County Council—CC BY 4.0—
      Fingal County Council and Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council development plan layers (CC BY 4.0)—CC BY 4.0—
      National Transport Authority—CC BY 4.0—
      services-eu1.arcgis.comAn Coimisiún PleanálaCC BY 4.030 Oct 2026
      data.nbco.gov.ieNational Building Control Office (BCMS)CC BY 4.031 Oct 2026
      data.gov.ieVarious (see each layer)CC BY 4.0, CC BY-NC-ND 4.027 Sept 2026
      services-eu1.arcgis.comNational Parks and Wildlife ServiceCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026
      services-eu1.arcgis.comNational Inventory of Architectural HeritageCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026
      gis.epa.ieEnvironmental Protection AgencyCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026
      services.arcgis.comLocal authorities (Record of Protected Structures)CC BY 4.027 Sept 2026
      services-eu1.arcgis.comNational Parks and Wildlife ServiceCC BY 4.027 Sept 2026
      services-eu1.arcgis.comNational Monuments Service (SMR)CC BY 4.027 Sept 2026
      dlrcoco.citizenspace.comLocal authorities (consultation portals)Public31 Oct 2026
      www2.courts.ie—© the publisher30 Oct 2026
      cso.ie—CC BY 4.0—
      dartplus.ie project extents over NTA GTFS rail shapes (CC BY 4.0)—CC BY 4.0—
      services-eu1.arcgis.comLocal authorities (derelict sites registers)CC BY 4.026 Oct 2026
      esbnetworks.ie—© the publisher · flag only11 Sept 2026
      transportforireland.ieNational Transport AuthorityCC BY 4.025 Oct 2026
      lda.ieLand Development AgencyCC BY 4.011 Sept 2026
      meetings.fingal.ieLocal authorities (council meetings)Public31 Oct 2026
      services.arcgis.comDepartment of Housing (National Planning Application Database)CC BY 4.031 Oct 2026
      services-eu1.arcgis.comTailte ÉireannCC BY 4.011 Sept 2026
      services-eu1.arcgis.comCSO, Tailte Éireann, OpenStreetMap contributorsCC BY 4.04 Oct 2026
      propertypriceregister.ieProperty Services Regulatory Authority (PPR)© PSRA, PSI licence31 Oct 2026
      services.arcgis.comLocal authorities (RZLT maps)CC BY 4.025 Oct 2026
      gov.ieDepartment of EducationCC BY 4.027 Oct 2026
      gov.ieDepartment of HousingCC BY-SA 4.023 Oct 2026
      services.arcgis.comLocal authorities via the Department of Housing (GZT / MyPlan)CC BY 4.025 Oct 2026
      Measured
      counted from a public register
      Calculated
      a rate or median we worked out from those counts
      Our classification
      we sorted it by reading each description
      Estimate
      inferred from another source (census, map data)
      Rule summary
      the law, simplified: check before relying on it
      How we work this out
      Generated 31 Oct 2026, 04:40 from the Planning Register store; nothing was fetched live. Not a legal search: the council's planning file is the record. Deadlines come from published dates under the Planning and Development Act 2000: confirm with the council before relying on them. Street map © OpenStreetMap contributors; building outlines © Overture Maps Foundation. The text version carries every figure with its source, for an AI assistant.