Site report · 500 m radius · generated 13 Sept 2026, 22:36

Main Street, Blanchardstown, Corduff

Eircode —Coordinates 53.38906, -6.38009Local authority Fingal County Council

What closes soonest 4 open windows

Appeal window closes 14 Sept 20261 day left
FW26A/0252E — GRANT PERMISSION — The development will consist of: New side entrance gate to rear garden
4 weeks from the council's decision (17 Aug 2026) · s.37 Planning and Development Act 2000 · €220 to An Coimisiún Pleanála (€110 observer) · 228 m away
Appeal window closes 14 Sept 20261 day left
FW26A/0261E — GRANT PERMISSION — The development will consist of the construction of an extension to th
4 weeks from the council's decision (17 Aug 2026) · s.37 Planning and Development Act 2000 · €220 to An Coimisiún Pleanála (€110 observer) · 134 m away
Judicial review window closes 21 Sept 20268 days left
Grant permission
8 weeks from the Commission's decision (27 Jul 2026) · s.50 Planning and Development Act 2000 · 437 m away
Observations close 24 Sept 202611 days left
FW26A/0326E — application received — Planning Permission for the creation of 2 no. new vehicular, & 2 no. n
5 weeks from receipt (20 Aug 2026) · s.34 Planning and Development Act 2000 · art. 29 Regulations 2001 · €20 to the council · 497 m away

Sources: acp, consult, moderngov, npad, rzlt · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:05

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05	open
consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04	open
moderngov	public	13 Sept 2026, 21:50	open
npad	CC-BY-4.0	13 Sept 2026, 20:39	open
rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23	open

Where this is

Townland: Corduff
Settlement: Dublin city and suburbs
Electoral division: Blanchardstown-Abbotstown
Local electoral area: Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart
Local authority: Fingal County Council
Parcel: Tailte Éireann 1819902 (freehold), 199 m²

Census 2022, small area 267027004

239

people

households

104

dwellings

44.4% owner-occupied, 48.9% privately rented, 5.6% social. Vacancy 7.7%.

Sources: places, parcels · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 21:28

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
places	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 21:28	open
parcels	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:06	open

Zoning evaluated against the point

FINGAL_DP_OWN · — – —

TC - Town and District Centre: Maintain and build on the accessibility, vitality and viability of the existing Urban Centres in the County. Develop and consolidate these Centres with an appropriate mix of commercial, recreational, cultural, leisure and residential uses, and to enhance and develop the urban fabric of these Centres in accordance with the principles of urban design, conservation and sustainable development. Retail provision will be in accordance with the County Retail Strategy, enhance and develop the existing urban fabric, emphasise urban conservation, and ensure priority for public transport, pedestrians and cyclists while minimising the impact of private car based traffic. In order to deliver this vision and to provide a framework for sustainable development, Urban Centre Strategies will be prepared for centres in accordance with the Urban Fingal Chapter objectives.

M2 — Major town centre the fingal development plan 2023 2029 · 5 Apr 2023 – 5 Apr 2029

TC - Town and District Centre: Protect and enhance the special physical and social character of town and district centres and provide and/ or improve urban facilities

What that means: The main town centre — retail, offices, civic uses, apartments.

Source: zoning · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 02:04

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
zoning	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 02:04	open

Designations and constraints within 500 m

An OPW flood extent intersects this area. The OPW's map is licensed CC-BY-NC-ND, so we show a flag only — see the extent at floodinfo.ie.

Designation	Count	Examples
Radon risk area	6	About 1 in 10 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels; About 1 in 10 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels; About 1 in 20 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels
Recorded monument	2	Mill - unclassified; R149688

Sources: constraints, constraints.flood_nifm, constraints.radon, constraints.smr · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 19:11

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
constraints	mixed — CC-BY-4.0 except OPW flood (CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0, publishable=false)	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.flood_nifm	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 · not redistributable — shown as a flag only	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.radon	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.smr	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open

Residential Zoned Land Tax

This site is not on the current draft or final RZLT map.

Source: rzlt · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:23

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23	open

Planning applications 74 in 5 years within 500 m

Open for observation

5 (& 5A) Church Avenue, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15 HA2K observations close 24 Sept 2026 · 11 days left
Planning Permission for the creation of 2 no. new vehicular, & 2 no. n
FW26A/0326Ereceived 20 Aug 2026497 m away

Recent decisions and applications

Grant permission

Refuse permission

Invalid application

Grant permission & grant retention

15 Hazel Lawn, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15P7KD Invalid application
To (a) Widen the existing vehicular entrance (b) Open a seperate pedes
FW26A/0315Ereceived 7 Aug 2026decided 11 Aug 2026488 m away
Mill House, Main Street, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15 C6KD 35 Day Assessment
The development will consist of the change-of-use of the first floor f
FW26A/0280Ereceived 10 Jul 2026478 m away
12 Clonsilla Close, Dublin 15, D15 XH7X Grant permission
The development will consist of the construction of an extension to th
FW26A/0261Ereceived 30 Jun 2026decided 17 Aug 2026134 m away
Mill House, Main Street, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15 F8H7 Request additional information
The development will consist of the change-of-use of the first-floor a
FW26A/0253Ereceived 24 Jun 2026474 m away
8A Ramor Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15 K2YF Grant permission
The development will consist of: New side entrance gate to rear garden
FW26A/0252Ereceived 23 Jun 2026decided 17 Aug 2026228 m away
8 St. Patrick's Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15 EW9E Grant permission
The development will consist of: 1) Alterations/refurbishments to inte
FW26A/0217Ereceived 1 Jun 2026decided 20 Jul 2026444 m away
Costa Coffee Westend Retail Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15 EE04 Grant permission
The development will consist of rebranding of existing Costa Coffee sh
FW26A/0084Ereceived 6 Mar 2026decided 28 Apr 2026429 m away
Costa Coffee Westend Retail Park, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, D15 EE04 Invalid application
The development will consist of rebranding of existing Costa Coffee sh
FW26A/0080Ereceived 4 Mar 2026decided 5 Mar 2026433 m away
6 Summerfield Rise, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15 D15 XP0A Grant permission
The development will consist of the construction of a new single store
FW26A/0077Ereceived 3 Mar 2026decided 21 Apr 2026443 m away

`description` is truncated at source (80 chars for DLR, 70 for Fingal) and `applicant` is null nationally — NPAD publishes neither in full.

Source: npad · fetched 13 Sept 2026, 20:39

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
npad	CC-BY-4.0	13 Sept 2026, 20:39	open

Appeals 17 in 5 years within 500 m

ACP 501068 on FW26A/0007E Granted
received 27 Mar 2026decided 27 Jul 2026437 m awayinspector's report
ACP 500926 on FW25A/0543E Granted
received 6 Mar 2026decided 25 Jun 2026299 m awayinspector's report
ACP 500444 on FW25A/0410E Pending
received 10 Dec 2025397 m away
ACP 322972 on FW25A/0165E Refused
received 8 Jul 2025decided 15 Oct 2025140 m awayinspector's report
ACP 323103 on FW25A/0185E Invalid
received 21 Jul 2025decided 21 Jul 2025303 m away
ACP 322916 on FW25A/0185E Refused
received 2 Jul 2025decided 18 Jul 2025303 m away
ACP 323036 on FW25A/0185E Open
received 15 Jul 2025303 m away
ACP 312131 Granted with conditions
received 7 Dec 2021decided 9 Jul 2025371 m awayinspector's report
ACP 322178 on FW25A/0007E Refused
received 31 Mar 2025decided 8 Jul 2025437 m awayinspector's report
ACP 321644 on FW24A/0279E Granted with conditions
received 13 Jan 2025decided 19 May 202589 m awayinspector's report

Source: acp · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:05

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05	open

Commencement notices 27 in 3 years within 500 m

7 Springlawn Drive, Dublin 15, Dublin, D15 A9XF — Opt out commencement notice
14 Jul 2026CN0145061FLFW25A/0543E306 m away
4 Tolka View, Dublin 15, Dublin, D15 KX5C — Opt out commencement notice
3 Jul 2026CN0144596FLFW25A/0181E260 m away
6 Summerfield Rise, Dublin 15, Dublin, D15 XP0A — Short commencement notice
22 Jun 2026CN0143604FLFW26A/0077E471 m away
Unit 3a Westend Retail Park, Dublin 15, Fingal, D15 NY74 — Short commencement notice
27 Apr 2026CN0140883FL433 m away
27 Summerfield Rise, Fingal, D15 HR2K — Short commencement notice
23 Mar 2026CN0139996FLFW25A/0508E440 m away
Unit 10 Westend Retail Park Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, Dublin, Fingal, D15Y280 — Seven day notice
11 Mar 2026SN0013881FLFW25A/0478433 m away
41 Rushbrook, Dublin, D15 F68D — Opt out commencement notice
23 Feb 2026CN0138821FLFW25A/0468E305 m away
BEECHLAWN HOUSE CLONSILLA ROAD, DUBLIN 15, Fingal, D15 WK81 — Commencement notice
23 Jan 2026CN0137580FLFW24A/0324E160 m away
UNIT 4 WESTEND RETAIL PARK, Dublin 15, Fingal, D15 P766 — Short commencement notice
10 Nov 2025CN0135669FL433 m away
54 Clonsilla Road, Blanchardstown, Dublin 15, Fingal — Opt out commencement notice
1 Jul 2025CN0130560FLFW24A/0231452 m away

One notice can cover many buildings — count notices, never building rows, or a single multi-unit scheme reads as a trend (T11).

Source: bcms · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 23:34

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
bcms	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 23:34	open

Sales 24 in 36 months within 500 m

€378,500

median price

€5,238/m²

median €/m²

sales

rooftop-geocoded

with listing detail

new builds

€240,000 – €785,000, 1 Feb 2024 to 3 Mar 2026.

Address	Sold	Price	Asking	Type	Beds	m²	€/m²	BER	Dist.
12 CLONSILLA CLOSE, BLANCHARDSTOWN, DUBLIN 15	3 Mar 2026	€575,000	—	Semi-D	3	122	4,713	D2	160 m
81 CLONSILLA RD, BLANCHARDSTOWN, DUBLIN 15	22 Jan 2026	€660,000	€599,000	Semi-D	3	142	4,648	C1	383 m
20 SPRINGLAWN RD, BLANCHARDSTOWN, DUBLIN 15	26 Sept 2025	€550,000	€550,000	Detached	4	105	5,238	E1	313 m
80 TORY SQ, WATERVILLE, BLANCHARDSTOWN	19 Sept 2025	€365,000	€320,000	Duplex	2	—	—	C3	498 m
7 VILLA BLANCHARD, BLANCHARDSTOWN VILLAGE, DUBLIN 15	16 Sept 2025	€256,000	€249,000	Apartment	1	40.6	6,305	D1	371 m
24 SPRINGLAWN HEIGHTS, BLANCHARDSTOWN, DUBLIN 15	13 Nov 2024	€480,000	—	—	—	—	—	—	264 m
81 TORY SQ, WATERVILLE, BLANCHARDSTOWN DUBLIN 15	23 Oct 2024	€325,000	—	—	—	—	—	—	496 m
66 SUMMERFIELD RISE, BLANCHARDSTOWN, DUBLIN 15	1 Oct 2024	€785,000	—	—	—	—	—	—	392 m
51 SPRINGLAWN CLOSE, BLANCHARDSTOWN, DUBLIN 15	19 Sept 2024	€392,000	€350,000	End of Terrace	2	73	5,370	D1	217 m
5 HERBERT ROAD, BLANCHARDSTOWN, DUBLIN 15	13 Sept 2024	€432,200	—	—	—	—	—	—	402 m

PPR addresses are geocoded, not surveyed — a sale's position is as good as its address match (`rooftop_n` says how many are address-accurate). Beds, floor area, BER and asking price come from the matched daft.ie advertisement, not from the Register, and only where a match was found (`enriched_n`).

Sources: cara_listings, ppr · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 20:14

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
cara_listings	Third-party advertisement data captured by Cara from daft.ie. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (licensed PSP name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers and all vendor/buyer identities are dropped.	11 Sept 2026, 20:14	open
ppr	PSI — PSRA re-use terms (psr.ie/re-use-of-public-sector-information). Free re-use in any format provided the source and PSRA copyright are acknowledged, the data is reproduced accurately and not used misleadingly, and it is NOT used 'for the principal purpose of advertising or promoting a particular product or service'. Attribution: 'Contains PSRA Residential Property Price Register data, © Property Services Regulatory Authority.'	13 Sept 2026, 20:32	open

Consultations 9 matched by place

Fingal Safer Schools - St. Fintan's National School, Sutton, Dublin 13 2 days left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Scoil Mhuire, Howth Primary School, Tuckett's Lane, Howth 2 days left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Hansfield Educate Together National School, Barnwell Road, Clonee, Dublin 15 2 days left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Councilstreet-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - St Mochta's National School, Porterstown Road, Clonsilla, Dublin 15 2 days left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Gaelscoil na Mara & Donabate Community College, Portrane Road & Ballisk Common, Donabate, Co. Dublin 7 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - St. Mary's National School, R122, Oldtown, Co. Dublin 7 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Swords Educate Together National School & Gaelscoil Bhrian Bóroimhe, Glen Ellan Road, Swords, Co. Dublin 7 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Councillocality-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Thornleigh Educate Together National School, Thornleigh Green, Swords 7 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Councillocality-wide
Public Consultation on Identification of Bathing Waters in Fingal for Bathing Season 2027 12 days left
closes 25 Sept 2026Fingal County Councilcounty-wide

Source: consult · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 02:04

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04	open

Council items 10 in 24 months

Strategic Infrastructure Development Comprising a 680 MW Open Cycle Gas-Fired Generation Station and Associated Development at Kilshane Road, Kilshane, Finglas, Dublin 11
County Council14 Sept 202625.Fingal County Council
Councillor B. Ryan - Greenlands Guesthouse - Corduff - Lusk - AI109697
Balbriggan/Rush-Lusk/Swords Area Committee (Services B - Strategic and General Matters)10 Sept 202665.Fingal County Council
Applications for Sports Funding
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 202631bFingal County Council
Proposed Disposals
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 202632.Fingal County Council
Email from Private Secretary to Minister for Special Education and Inclusion dated 18th August 2026 regarding Cllr J. Walsh motion Second Special School in this LEA
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 202634lFingal County Council
Councillor E. Carbone-Mangan - Extension of Dublin Bikes Scheme to the Strawberry Beds - AI109517
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 202635.Fingal County Council
Councillor A. Donnelly - Update on Taking in Charge of Phibblestown Wood - AI109422
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 202617.Fingal County Council
Councillor J. Burtchaell - Noise Abatement Measures for Communities Adjacent to the N3 - Saddlers Estate, Mulhuddart Wood, Village Heights and Whitestown - AI108743
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 202638.Fingal County Council
Councillor E. Troy - Bulky Waste Collection Service in this LEA - AI109120
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 20263.Fingal County Council
Councillor E. Troy - Report on Water Quality in Dublin 15
Blanchardstown-Mulhuddart/Castleknock/Ongar Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)3 Sept 20264.Fingal County Council

Source: moderngov · fetched 13 Sept 2026, 21:50

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
moderngov	public	13 Sept 2026, 21:50	open

Capacity and public land

No publishable utility-capacity record within the radius. 18 records from Esb substation withheld: source licence forbids redistribution; see the operator's own register.

Public land (LDA register of relevant lands)

Dublin City Council — Dublin city and suburbs
4.59 hafolio DN560N28 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
Fingal County Council — Dublin city and suburbs
0.75 hafolio DN191118F42 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
Dublin City Council — Dublin city and suburbs
5.76 hafolio DN561N47 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
Dublin City Council — Dublin city and suburbs
6.08 hafolio DN1907N127 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
Dublin City Council — Dublin city and suburbs
0.21 hafolio DN2440N133 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
Fingal County Council — Dublin city and suburbs
0.12 hafolio DN102648F146 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
Dublin and Dun Laoghaire Education and Training Board — Dublin city and suburbs
0.33 hafolio DN10796N149 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023
Dublin City Council — Dublin city and suburbs
0.14 hafolio DN26784F203 m awayas of 1 Apr 2023

Sources: esbn, lda_lands · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 16:42

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
esbn	all-rights-reserved (esbnetworks.ie disclaimer: personal/non-commercial, no modification or republication without written ESB permission) — permission NOT sought · not redistributable — shown as a flag only	11 Sept 2026, 16:42	open
lda_lands	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:43	open

Schools and public transport within 1.0 km

Schools

Le Cheile Secondary School
postprimary944 pupilsCATHOLIC493 m
SCOIL BRIDE C
primary213 pupilsCatholic657 m
ST FRANCIS XAVIER J N S
primary357 pupilsCatholic666 m
SCOIL BRIDE B
primary193 pupilsCatholic732 m
ST FRANCIS XAVIER SENIOR N S
primary388 pupilsCatholic746 m

Stops 33 · routes 105, 109, 109B, 109X, 111, 139, 179, 220, 220A, 236, 236A, 236T, 238, 270, 270T, 37, 38, 38A, 38B, 39, 39A, 70, 70D, 836, 870, BI01, KL04, L52, N4, W4

Blanchardstown Vlge
220, 220A, 38, 38A, 39, 70D, N4134 m
Ramor Park
220, 220A, 38, 38A, 39, 70D, N4182 m
Springlawn
220A, 39240 m
Clonsilla Road
220A, 39289 m
Waterville Terrace
220, 220A402 m
Westend Office Park
105, 109, 109B, 109X, 111, 220, 236, 236T, 238, 70D, 870, N4437 m
Church Road
220, 220A, 38, 38A, 39, 70D, N4447 m
Waterville Row
220, 220A, 236, 236T, 238, 38, 38A, 38B463 m

Sources: gtfs, schools · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 19:16

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
gtfs	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:16	open
schools	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:41	open

Sources used in this report

Section	Source	Licence	Fetched
Location	places	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 21:28
Parcel	parcels	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:06
Zoning	zoning	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Constraints	constraints	mixed — CC-BY-4.0 except OPW flood (CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0, publishable=false)	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.flood_nifm	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 · not redistributable, flag only	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.radon	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.smr	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Rzlt	rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23
Planning	npad	CC-BY-4.0	13 Sept 2026, 20:39
Appeals	acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05
Commencements	bcms	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 23:34
Sales	cara_listings	Third-party advertisement data captured by Cara from daft.ie. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (licensed PSP name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers and all vendor/buyer identities are dropped.	11 Sept 2026, 20:14
Sales	ppr	PSI — PSRA re-use terms (psr.ie/re-use-of-public-sector-information). Free re-use in any format provided the source and PSRA copyright are acknowledged, the data is reproduced accurately and not used misleadingly, and it is NOT used 'for the principal purpose of advertising or promoting a particular product or service'. Attribution: 'Contains PSRA Residential Property Price Register data, © Property Services Regulatory Authority.'	13 Sept 2026, 20:32
Consultations	consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Council items	moderngov	public	13 Sept 2026, 21:50
Capacity	esbn	all-rights-reserved (esbnetworks.ie disclaimer: personal/non-commercial, no modification or republication without written ESB permission) — permission NOT sought · not redistributable, flag only	11 Sept 2026, 16:42
Public land	lda_lands	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:43
Projects	social_housing	CC-BY-SA-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 20:13
Amenities	gtfs	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:16
Amenities	schools	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:41
Deadlines	acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05
Deadlines	consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Deadlines	moderngov	public	13 Sept 2026, 21:50
Deadlines	npad	CC-BY-4.0	13 Sept 2026, 20:39
Deadlines	rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23

Generated 13 Sept 2026, 22:36 from the Planning Register store. Nothing on this page was fetched live: every figure was already in the store with the fetch time shown. Deadlines are derived from published receipt and decision dates under the Planning and Development Act 2000; confirm with the planning authority before relying on them.

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