Site report · 1000 m radius · generated 14 Sept 2026, 23:45

Hill Court, Beechwood

Eircode —Coordinates 53.43123, -6.13753Local authority Fingal County Council

What closes soonest 2 open windows

Appeal window closes 16 Sept 20262 days left
F26A/0571E — GRANT PERMISSION — The development will consist of: (i) demolition of the existing rear g
4 weeks from the council's decision (19 Aug 2026) · s.37 Planning and Development Act 2000 · €220 to An Coimisiún Pleanála (€110 observer) · 263 m away
Appeal window closes 17 Sept 20263 days left
F26A/0575E — GRANT PERMISSION — Conversion of his attic to storage including a dormer window to the re
4 weeks from the council's decision (20 Aug 2026) · s.37 Planning and Development Act 2000 · €220 to An Coimisiún Pleanála (€110 observer) · 729 m away

Sources: acp, consult, moderngov, npad, rzlt · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:05

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05	open
consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04	open
moderngov	public	14 Sept 2026, 21:51	open
npad	CC-BY-4.0	14 Sept 2026, 20:39	open
rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23	open

Where this is

Townland: Beechwood
Settlement: Portmarnock
Electoral division: Portmarnock South
Local electoral area: Howth-Malahide
Local authority: Fingal County Council
Parcel: Tailte Éireann 1915268 (freehold), 2.12 ha

Census 2022, small area 267111005

355

people

131

households

136

dwellings

94.7% owner-occupied, 3.1% privately rented, 0% social. Vacancy 1.5%.

Sources: places, parcels · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 21:28

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
places	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 21:28	open
parcels	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:06	open

Zoning evaluated against the point

FINGAL_DP_OWN · — – —

CI - Community Infrastructure: Protect and promote an inclusive county, accessible to all members of the community, facilitating the sustainable development of necessary community, health, religious, educational, social and civic infrastructure. A wide range of different community facilities, civic facilities and social services exist within the County ranging from those of regional importance such as education and health facilities, to those of local and neighbourhood importance such as places of worship, community centres and childcare facilities. It is important to facilitate the development and expansion of such services in order to deliver a quality environment whilst improving the quality of life for all.

S3 — Community infrastructure the fingal development plan 2023 2029 · 5 Apr 2023 – 5 Apr 2029

CI - Community Infrastructure: Provide for and protect civic, religious, community, education, health care and social infrastructure

What that means: Reserved for civic, religious, community, education, health-care and social infrastructure.

Source: zoning · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 02:04

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
zoning	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 02:04	open

Designations and constraints within 1000 m

An OPW flood extent intersects this area. The OPW's map is licensed CC-BY-NC-ND, so we show a flag only — see the extent at floodinfo.ie.

Designation	Count	Examples
Natural Heritage Area (incl. proposed)	2	Malahide Estuary; Sluice River Marsh
NIAH-recorded building	5	Saint Marnock's Cottage; Saint Marnock's; Saint Marnock's
Radon risk area	6	About 1 in 10 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels; About 1 in 20 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels; About 1 in 5 homes in this area is likely to have high radon levels
Record of Protected Structures	7	Motte & Bailey; Wheatfield; St. Marnock's Church (in ruins)
Special Area of Conservation	1	Malahide Estuary SAC
Recorded monument	16	Castle - motte and bailey; Prehistoric site - lithic scatter; Quarry
Special Protection Area	1	North-West Irish Sea cSPA

Sources: constraints, constraints.flood_cfram, constraints.nha, constraints.niah, constraints.radon, constraints.rps, constraints.sac, constraints.smr, constraints.spa · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 19:11

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
constraints	mixed — CC-BY-4.0 except OPW flood (CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0, publishable=false)	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.flood_cfram	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 · not redistributable — shown as a flag only	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.nha	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.niah	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.radon	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.rps	CC-BY-4.0 (Fingal); public/attribution, unconfirmed (DLR)	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.sac	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.smr	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open
constraints.spa	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11	open

Residential Zoned Land Tax

This site is not on the current draft or final RZLT map.

Source: rzlt · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:23

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23	open

Planning applications 180 in 5 years within 1.0 km

Recent decisions and applications

125

Grant permission

Invalid application

Refuse permission

Grant permission for retention

The Brambles, Blackwood Lane, Malahide Co.Dublin, K36 P970 Referral
Fingal County Council Retention Planning permission is being sought f
F26A/0690Ereceived 31 Jul 2026813 m away
465 Strand Road, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, D13 DK38 35 Day Assessment
The development will consist of alterations and extension of the exist
F26A/0645Ereceived 17 Jul 2026770 m away
46 Carrickhill Drive, Portmarnock, D13NP04 35 Day Assessment
Planning permission for attic conversion with hip to gable and dormer
F26A/0638Ereceived 16 Jul 2026467 m away
88 Torcaill, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, D13 EY19 Recommendation Review
The development will consist of the construction of a dormer window in
F26A/0581Ereceived 3 Jul 2026515 m away
4 Woodlands, Carrickhill, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, D13 K022 Grant permission
The development will consist of: (i) demolition of the existing rear g
F26A/0571Ereceived 1 Jul 2026decided 19 Aug 2026263 m away
44 Blackthorn Close, Portmarnock, Co Dublin, D13 NN27 Grant permission
Conversion of his attic to storage including a dormer window to the re
F26A/0575Ereceived 1 Jul 2026decided 20 Aug 2026729 m away
88 Torcaill, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, D13 EY19 Invalid application
The development will consist of the construction of a dormer window in
F26A/0566Ereceived 30 Jun 2026decided 1 Jul 2026515 m away
17 Carrickhill Rise, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin Grant permission
The development will consist of construction of a new two storey detac
F26A/0490Ereceived 10 Jun 2026decided 4 Aug 2026331 m away
17 Carrickhill Rise, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin Invalid application
The development will consist of construction of a new two storey detac
F26A/0484Ereceived 9 Jun 2026decided 10 Jun 2026330 m away
19A The Dunes, Portmarnock, Co. Dublin, D13 T2F3 Refuse permission
Planning Permission is sought for partial flat roof, partial pitched r
F26A/0470Ereceived 5 Jun 2026decided 29 Jul 2026987 m away

`description` is truncated at source (80 chars for DLR, 70 for Fingal) and `applicant` is null nationally — NPAD publishes neither in full.

Source: npad · fetched 14 Sept 2026, 20:39

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
npad	CC-BY-4.0	14 Sept 2026, 20:39	open

Appeals 15 in 5 years within 1.0 km

ACP 501934 on F26A/0470E Pending
received 21 Aug 2026987 m away
ACP 500680 on F25A/1017E Invalid
received 23 Jan 2026decided 13 Feb 2026727 m away
ACP 322554 on F25A/0222 Granted with conditions
received 16 May 2025decided 11 Aug 2025786 m awayinspector's report
ACP 321187 on F24A/0736 Granted with conditions
received 4 Nov 2024decided 24 Feb 2025256 m awayinspector's report
ACP 320290 on F24A/0481E Granted with conditions
received 29 Jul 2024decided 20 Nov 2024611 m awayinspector's report
ACP 319323 on F24A/0021 Refused
received 20 Mar 2024decided 24 Sept 2024429 m awayinspector's report
ACP 318536 on F23A/0532 Invalid
received 27 Nov 2023decided 27 Nov 2023329 m away
ACP 314637 on S254/03/22 Refused
received 19 Sept 2022decided 14 Nov 2023605 m awayinspector's report
ACP 314492 on S254/07/22 Other
received 31 Aug 2022decided 2 Nov 2023629 m awayinspector's report
ACP 313536 on F22A/0093 Granted with conditions
received 10 May 2022decided 1 Mar 2023575 m awayinspector's report

Source: acp · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 00:05

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05	open

Commencement notices 43 in 3 years within 1.0 km

25 Torcaill, Portmarnock, Dublin, D13 R2Y3 — Opt out commencement notice
2 Sept 2026CN0147219FLF25A/0945E528 m away
243A Limetree Avenue, Portmarnock, Dublin, D13 E83F — Short commencement notice
24 Aug 2026CN0146654FLF26A/0336E963 m away
11 The Dunes, Portmarnock, Dublin, D13 F884 — Short commencement notice
4 Aug 2026CN0145324FLF26A/0013E944 m away
113 Ashley Rise, Portmarnock, Dublin, D13 WR60 — Short commencement notice
20 Jul 2026CN0144873FLF25A/0827E846 m away
Carrickhill Road Upper, Portmarnock, Dublin, D13Y051 — Opt out commencement notice
13 Jul 2026CN0144936FLF25A/0975316 m away
62 Torcaill, Portmarnock, Fingal, D13 P589 — Short commencement notice
12 May 2026CN0142246FLF26A/0018E632 m away
Old Stables, Wheatfield, Blackwood Lane,, Malahide, Fingal, --- — Short commencement notice
5 May 2026CN0141484FLF25A/0338 & F16A/0022/E1750 m away
1A Carrickhill Close, Portmarnock, Fingal, D13 ND34 — Short commencement notice
20 Apr 2026CN0141123FLF25A/1141324 m away
294 Elner Court, Portmarnock, Fingal, D13 TY77 — Short commencement notice
2 Mar 2026CN0138946FLF24A/0840E854 m away
4B Strand Road, Portmarnock, Fingal, D13 E281 — Opt out commencement notice
31 Oct 2025CN0135305FLF24A/0894861 m away

One notice can cover many buildings — count notices, never building rows, or a single multi-unit scheme reads as a trend (T11).

Source: bcms · fetched 14 Sept 2026, 23:44

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
bcms	CC-BY-4.0	14 Sept 2026, 23:44	open

Sales 55 in 36 months within 1.0 km

€740,000

median price

€5,828/m²

median €/m²

sales

rooftop-geocoded

with listing detail

new builds

€260,000 – €1,682,000, 24 Jan 2024 to 13 Aug 2026.

Address	Sold	Price	Asking	Type	Beds	m²	€/m²	BER	Dist.
2 CARRICKHILL WALK, PORTMARNOCK, CO DUBLIN	13 Aug 2026	€710,000	€695,000	Detached	4	—	—	E1	597 m
49 CARRICKHILL DR, PORTMARNOCK, DUBLIN	3 Feb 2026	€666,000	€645,000	Semi-D	3	120	5,550	D2	453 m
15 CARRICKHILL WALK, PORTMARNOCK, DUBLIN	6 Nov 2025	€772,000	€725,000	Semi-D	4	140	5,514	B2	604 m
39 WOODLANDS, CARRICKHILL, PORTMARNOCK	30 Oct 2025	€810,000	€795,000	Semi-D	4	144	5,625	C2	153 m
9 WHEATFIELD RD, PORTMARNOCK, DUBLIN	23 Oct 2025	€725,000	€735,000	Semi-D	4	147	4,932	D1	612 m
SANTORINI, 15 STRAND RD, PORTMARNOCK	14 Oct 2025	€920,000	€895,000	Detached	4	151	6,093	C1	827 m
34 BURROW COURT, PORTMARNOCK, DUBLIN	8 Sept 2025	€895,000	€895,000	Detached	4	163	5,491	C3	668 m
94 TORCAILL, PORTMARNOCK, DUBLIN	1 Sept 2025	€556,000	€495,000	Terrace	2	81.8	6,797	C2	534 m
218 LIME TREE AVE, PORTMARNOCK, DUBLIN	18 Aug 2025	€740,000	€745,000	Semi-D	4	142	5,211	D2	985 m
121 TORCAILL, BLACKWOOD LANE, PORTMARNOCK	7 Aug 2025	€565,000	€495,000	Terrace	2	81	6,975	C2	651 m

PPR addresses are geocoded, not surveyed — a sale's position is as good as its address match (`rooftop_n` says how many are address-accurate). Beds, floor area, BER and asking price come from the matched daft.ie advertisement, not from the Register, and only where a match was found (`enriched_n`).

Sources: cara_listings, daft_gateway, ppr · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 20:14

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
cara_listings	Third-party advertisement data captured by Cara from daft.ie. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (licensed PSP name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers and all vendor/buyer identities are dropped.	11 Sept 2026, 20:14	open
daft_gateway	Third-party advertisement data read from daft.ie's own JSON gateway. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (the licensed PSP's name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers, profile images and all media URLs are dropped at fetch time and never written down. Vendor and buyer identities are not in this data.	14 Sept 2026, 22:12	open
ppr	PSI — PSRA re-use terms (psr.ie/re-use-of-public-sector-information). Free re-use in any format provided the source and PSRA copyright are acknowledged, the data is reproduced accurately and not used misleadingly, and it is NOT used 'for the principal purpose of advertising or promoting a particular product or service'. Attribution: 'Contains PSRA Residential Property Price Register data, © Property Services Regulatory Authority.'	14 Sept 2026, 20:32	open

Consultations 9 matched by place

Fingal Safer Schools - St. Fintan's National School, Sutton, Dublin 13 1 day left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Scoil Mhuire, Howth Primary School, Tuckett's Lane, Howth 1 day left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Hansfield Educate Together National School, Barnwell Road, Clonee, Dublin 15 1 day left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Councilstreet-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - St Mochta's National School, Porterstown Road, Clonsilla, Dublin 15 1 day left
closes 15 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Gaelscoil na Mara & Donabate Community College, Portrane Road & Ballisk Common, Donabate, Co. Dublin 6 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - St. Mary's National School, R122, Oldtown, Co. Dublin 6 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Counciltownland-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Swords Educate Together National School & Gaelscoil Bhrian Bóroimhe, Glen Ellan Road, Swords, Co. Dublin 6 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Councillocality-wide
Fingal Safer Schools - Thornleigh Educate Together National School, Thornleigh Green, Swords 6 days left
closes 20 Sept 2026Fingal County Councillocality-wide
Public Consultation on Identification of Bathing Waters in Fingal for Bathing Season 2027 11 days left
closes 25 Sept 2026Fingal County Councilcounty-wide

Source: consult · fetched 12 Sept 2026, 02:04

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04	open

Council items 10 in 24 months

Councillor E. Troy - Fish Kills in Rivers, Streams, and Canals in Fingal
County Council14 Sept 202617.Fingal County Council
Report of Howth/Malahide Services B Area Committee Meeting held on Wednesday 2nd September 2026
County Council14 Sept 202620aFingal County Council
Councillor J. Hopkins - Status of Derelict Home - Stapolin Lawns, Baldoyle
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 20267.Fingal County Council
Applications for Community Funding
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 202618aFingal County Council
Applications for Sports Funding
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 202618bFingal County Council
Shopfront Improvement Scheme 2026 – Request for Approval of Funding
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 202620.Fingal County Council
Litter Warden 7- day Service Summer Activity Report
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 202621.Fingal County Council
Local Sport and Physical Activity Plan 2024-2029 – Sports Department Strategy Update
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 202622.Fingal County Council
Correspondence
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 202623.Fingal County Council
Councillor J. Hopkins - Station Road, Portmarnock Land Acquisition - AI108705
Howth/Malahide Area Committee (Services B - Strategic & General Matters)2 Sept 20265.Fingal County Council

Source: moderngov · fetched 14 Sept 2026, 21:51

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
moderngov	public	14 Sept 2026, 21:51	open

Capacity and public land

No publishable utility-capacity record within the radius. 25 records from Esb substation withheld: source licence forbids redistribution; see the operator's own register.

Public land (LDA register of relevant lands)

The Minister for Education and Skills — Portmarnock
2.13 hafolio DN26831F0 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
The Minister for Education and Skills — Portmarnock
2.06 hafolio DN26831F12 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
Dublin City Council — Portmarnock
0.94 hafolio DN12941F61 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
Dublin City Council — Portmarnock
11.56 hafolio DN12941F71 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
The Minister for Education and Skills — Portmarnock
0.15 hafolio DN26831F171 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
Dublin City Council — Portmarnock
3.65 hafolio DN12941F174 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
Dublin City Council — Portmarnock
0.21 hafolio DN89082F183 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023
Fingal County Council — Portmarnock
0.11 hafolio DN22F201 m awayas of 1 Jul 2023

Sources: esbn, lda_lands · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 16:42

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
esbn	all-rights-reserved (esbnetworks.ie disclaimer: personal/non-commercial, no modification or republication without written ESB permission) — permission NOT sought · not redistributable — shown as a flag only	11 Sept 2026, 16:42	open
lda_lands	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:43	open

Schools and public transport within 1.0 km

Schools

Portmarnock Community School
postprimary955 pupilsINTER DENOMINATIONAL49 m
ST HELENS JUNIOR N S
primary319 pupilsCatholic872 m
ST HELENS SENIOR N S
primary381 pupilsCatholic972 m

Stops 26 · routes 102, 102A, 102C, 102P, 102T, 142, 32X, 42, 42D, 42n, H2

Hillcourt
102A, 102C, 102T, H2186 m
Hillcourt
102C, 102T, 42n, H2216 m
Community School
102A, 102C, 102P, 102T, H2246 m
Ardilaun
102A, 102C, 102T, H2371 m
Torcaill
142, 42, 42D394 m
Torcaill
142, 42, 42D401 m
Redfern Ave
102C, 102P, 102T, 142, 42, 42D, 42n, H2417 m
Redfern Ave
102A, 102C, 102P, 102T, 142, 42, 42D, H2472 m

Sources: gtfs, schools · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 19:16

Source	Licence	Fetched	Link
gtfs	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:16	open
schools	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:41	open

Sources used in this report

Section	Source	Licence	Fetched
Location	places	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 21:28
Parcel	parcels	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:06
Zoning	zoning	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Constraints	constraints	mixed — CC-BY-4.0 except OPW flood (CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0, publishable=false)	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.flood_cfram	CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0 · not redistributable, flag only	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.nha	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.niah	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.radon	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.rps	CC-BY-4.0 (Fingal); public/attribution, unconfirmed (DLR)	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.sac	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.smr	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Constraints	constraints.spa	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:11
Rzlt	rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23
Planning	npad	CC-BY-4.0	14 Sept 2026, 20:39
Appeals	acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05
Commencements	bcms	CC-BY-4.0	14 Sept 2026, 23:44
Sales	cara_listings	Third-party advertisement data captured by Cara from daft.ie. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (licensed PSP name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers and all vendor/buyer identities are dropped.	11 Sept 2026, 20:14
Sales	daft_gateway	Third-party advertisement data read from daft.ie's own JSON gateway. Not open data: internal analysis only, no redistribution of listing content. Business-contact details (the licensed PSP's name and branch) are retained per Cara DECISIONS 2026-08-19; agent phone numbers, profile images and all media URLs are dropped at fetch time and never written down. Vendor and buyer identities are not in this data.	14 Sept 2026, 22:12
Sales	ppr	PSI — PSRA re-use terms (psr.ie/re-use-of-public-sector-information). Free re-use in any format provided the source and PSRA copyright are acknowledged, the data is reproduced accurately and not used misleadingly, and it is NOT used 'for the principal purpose of advertising or promoting a particular product or service'. Attribution: 'Contains PSRA Residential Property Price Register data, © Property Services Regulatory Authority.'	14 Sept 2026, 20:32
Consultations	consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Council items	moderngov	public	14 Sept 2026, 21:51
Capacity	esbn	all-rights-reserved (esbnetworks.ie disclaimer: personal/non-commercial, no modification or republication without written ESB permission) — permission NOT sought · not redistributable, flag only	11 Sept 2026, 16:42
Public land	lda_lands	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:43
Projects	social_housing	CC-BY-SA-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 20:13
Amenities	gtfs	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 19:16
Amenities	schools	CC-BY-4.0	11 Sept 2026, 16:41
Deadlines	acp	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:05
Deadlines	consult	public	12 Sept 2026, 02:04
Deadlines	moderngov	public	14 Sept 2026, 21:51
Deadlines	npad	CC-BY-4.0	14 Sept 2026, 20:39
Deadlines	rzlt	CC-BY-4.0	12 Sept 2026, 00:23

Generated 14 Sept 2026, 23:45 from the Planning Register store. Nothing on this page was fetched live: every figure was already in the store with the fetch time shown. Deadlines are derived from published receipt and decision dates under the Planning and Development Act 2000; confirm with the planning authority before relying on them.

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