38 Leeson Street Upper, Ranelagh, Dublin 4
- 2 May 2025Received
- 23 Jun 2025Grant permission
- 28 Jul 2025Final grant
- 8 Dec 2025Commenced
- Status
- Commenced
- Decision
- Grant permission · 23 Jun 2025
- Council
- Dublin City Council
- Type
- Permission
- Site
- 325 m²
What’s proposed
PROTECTED STRUCTURE: Siobhan Dillon & Michael Hale are applying for planning permission for A) single-storey 16.5sqm extension at lower ground floor level to the side of an existing non-original extension to the south-west (rear) return; B) alterations to the south-west (rear) elevation of the existing non-original extension to the south-west (rear) return; C) alterations to the existing internal layout, including the provision at lower ground floor level of a new open plan kitchen, living & dining area, a utility room and at second floor level the provision of a new walk in wardrobe & ensuite; D) the reinstating of the stairs connecting ground & first floor; E) the provision of two new skylights on the inner pitches of the original ridged roof; F) repairs to the existing original timber sash windows in the North-East (front) and South-West (rear) Elevation, and G) the cleaning & re-pointing of the brick in the North-East (front) elevation. All at 38 Leeson Street Upper, Ranelagh, Dublin 4, D04 X5P6 (protected structure ref. 4493)
WEB1957/25 is a planning application to Dublin City Council for pROTECTED STRUCTURE: Siobhan Dillon & Michael Hale are applying for planning permission, received on 2 May 2025; permission was granted on 23 Jun 2025.
Planning details
- Reference
- WEB1957/25
- Local authority
- Dublin City Council
- Status
- Commenced · register status “Decision Notice Issued”
- Received
- 2 May 2025
- Observations close
- 6 Jun 2025 (closed 470 days ago)
- Decision due
- 26 Jun 2025 · decided 23 Jun 2025
- Decision
- Grant permission on 23 Jun 2025
- Proposed development
- PROTECTED STRUCTURE: Siobhan Dillon & Michael Hale are applying for planning permission for A) single-storey 16.5sqm extension at lower ground floor level to the side of an existing non-original extension to the south-west (rear) return; B) alterations to the south-west (rear) elevation of the existing non-original extension to the south-west (rear) return; C) alterations to the existing internal layout, including the provision at lower ground floor level of a new open plan kitchen, living & dining area, a utility room and at second floor level the provision of a new walk in wardrobe & ensuite; D) the reinstating of the stairs connecting ground & first floor; E) the provision of two new skylights on the inner pitches of the original ridged roof; F) repairs to the existing original timber sash windows in the North-East (front) and South-West (rear) Elevation, and G) the cleaning & re-pointing of the brick in the North-East (front) elevation. All at 38 Leeson Street Upper, Ranelagh, Dublin 4, D04 X5P6 (protected structure ref. 4493)As published by the register.
- Site area
- 325 m² from the mapped boundary, not the council's figure
- Applicant
- Not published — the national feed carries no applicant name
Nearby 235 applications within 500 m in the last 5 years
- Open25-28 and 28-31 Adelaide Road,, Dublin 2., The site also fronts onto Charlemont Place to the south.
- Open41 Warner's Lane, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 YH50
- Open90B, Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- OpenRoyal Victoria Eye & Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, D02 XK51
- Granted48 Warner’s Lane (to the rear of 48 Dartmouth Square East, Dublin 6) Dublin 6
- Granted43, Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4, D04 H0X2
- Withdrawn48 Warner's Lane(to the rear of 48 Dartmouth Square East, Dublin 6
- Open6, Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 Y3Y8
Show all 235
- Open10, Leeson Street Upper, Ranelagh, Dublin 4, D04 DE48
- Granted31 Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 Y960
- Commenced32 Chelmsford Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, County Dublin, D06 FV05
- AppealedFitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club, Winton Road, Dublin 6, D06 X6X2
- WithdrawnFitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club, Winton Road, Dublin 6, D06 X6X2
- Commenced2-3 Wilton Park Dublin 2.
- Granted19, Northbrook Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 E367
- Granted2 Wilton Park, (bounded by Lad Lane, Cumberland Road, Wilton Place, and adjoining 3 Wilton Park), Dublin 2
- Withdrawn2 Wilton Park, (bounded by Lad Lane, Cumberland Road, Wilton Place, and adjoining 3 Wilton Park), Dublin 2
- Appealed3 Grand Parade/37 Warners Lane, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn2 Wilton Park, (bounded by Lad Lane, Cumberland Road, Wilton Place, and adjoining 3 Wilton Park), Dublin 2
- Withdrawn3 Grand Parade/37 Warners Lane, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Refused37 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, Ireland, Accessed via Sibthorpe Lane
- Withdrawn37, Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Granted56 Heytesbury Lane, Dublin, Dublin 4, D04 W7W1
- Granted57A Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 R863
- Granted22, Lad Lane Upper, Dublin 2, D02 TP64
- Withdrawn22 Lad Lane Upper, Dublin 2
- Refused20 Northbrook Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Commenced81 Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn20, Northbrook Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 PF22
- Granted17 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, D02 T273
- Granted30 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06H1W2
- Granted5, Wellington Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 R8X6
- Withdrawn30 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn5 Wellington Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 R8X6
- Commenced18, Burlington Road, Dublin 4
- Granted21 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2
- Commenced3, Leeson Park Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn21 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, D02 Y189
- Withdrawn3 Leeson Park Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn18, Burlington Road, Dublin 4, D04 E7V2
- Granted86 Waterloo Lane, and within the curtilage of 86-89 Leeson St Upper,, Dublin 4, D04 E8W2
- Withdrawn86 Waterloo Lane, and within the curtilage of 86-89 Leeson St Upper,, Dublin 4, D04 E8W2
- Commenced4, Warwick Terrace, Sallymount Avenue, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn18 Burlington Road, Dublin 4, D04 T1K6
- Granted73 Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 T9W4
- Withdrawn73 Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn37 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Granted28 Dartmouth Walk, Dublin 6 (to the rear of 28 Dartmouth Square North, Dublin 6, D06TW14
- Withdrawn28, Dartmouth Walk, Dublin 6 (to the rear of 28 Dartmouth Square North, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 TW14 - a Protected Structure)
- Withdrawn37 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided21A Leeson Park, Dublin 6
- Commenced19 Northbrook Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 E367
- Granted41 Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4, D04 V3Y9
- Withdrawn41, Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4
- Commenced78, Waterloo Place, Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn21A, Leeson Park, Dublin 6
- Commenced40 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06H6K1
- Refused3 Grand Parade, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Granted33 Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 K6H0
- Appeal decidedRear of 19-21, Leeson Park, Dublin 6
- Granted42 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn42 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- GrantedRear of 8 Leeson Park, Dublin 6, D06N6T1
- WithdrawnRear of 8 Leeson Park, Dublin 6, D06N6T1
- Granted1 Wilton Park, Wilton Terrace, Dublin 2, D02 FX04
- WithdrawnOne Wilton, Wilton Terrace, Dublin 2, D02FX04
- Withdrawn20, Northbrook Road, Dublin 6
- Granted81 Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 X0H6
- Appeal decidedLands Located at 60-63 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn81 Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced53, Northbrook Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn81 Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn38, Leeson Street Upper, Ranelagh , Dublin 4 , D04X5P6
- Commenced31 Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 Y960
- Appeal decided66, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4 , D04X3A0
- Withdrawn31, Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4
- Commenced24, Leeson Park Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Granted35, Dartmouth Square North, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 XR77
- Granted28 Dartmouth Square North, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Granted79 Northbrook Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn79, Northbrook Avenue, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn20, Northbrook Road, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn20, Northbrook Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 PF22
- Withdrawn35, Dartmouth Square North, Ranelagh, Dublin 6 , D06XR77
- Appeal decidedAt a 0.0756 Ha site at Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, Co. Dublin. The site forms part of the, Molyneux Home Site, Leeson Park, Dublin 6 which is a designated Protected Structure. The lands are, bounded to the north-east by Leeson Street Upper, to the sout
- Refused21, Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, D02 Y189
- Withdrawn21 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, D02 Y189
- Withdrawn19a & 19-25, Dartmouth Road, Dublin 6, D06 CV44 & D06 X7P2
- Granted43, Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 A6Y0
- Granted43, Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 A6Y0
- Commenced7, Fitzwilliam Way in the curtilage of 52 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, D04 H1W5
- Granted77, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4, D04 T9T3
- GrantedLitton Hall, Methodist Centenary Grounds, Leeson Park, Dublin 6, D06 E542
- Withdrawn77, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4
- CommencedNo. 33 Wellington Place , Dublin 4, D04 K3C8
- WithdrawnLitton Hall, Methodist Centenary Grounds, Leeson Park, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn7, Fitzwilliam Way in the curtilage of 52 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, D04 H1W5
- Refused86 Waterloo Lane, Dublin 4, D04 E8W2, and within the curtilage of 86-89 Leeson St Upper,, Dublin 4,
- Withdrawn86 Waterloo Lane, Dublin 4 D04 E8W2 and within the curtilage of 86-89 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- CommencedMespil Hotel, 50-60, Mespil Road and Burlington Road, Dublin 4, D04 E7N2
- Commenced8, Cambridge Terrace, Dublin 6, D06 RH50
- Appeal decidedSite (c. 0.22ha) at Mespil Court, Mespil Road and Burlington Road, Dublin 4, D04 E516
- Refused31, Chelmsford Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Commenced48, Dartmouth Square East, Dublin 6
- Granted55/56, Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Granted48 warner's Lane, Dublin 6. ( to the rear of 48 Dartmouth Square East, Dublin 6, D06 NX07
- Granted41, Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4
- Commenced4 Leeson Park Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 Y959
- Withdrawn35, Dartmouth Square North, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Commenced14, Chelmsford Road, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn14, Chelmsford Road, Dublin 6
- RefusedLeeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, forming part of the Molyneux Home Site,, within the curtilage of, Molyneux Home, Dublin 6
- Granted42, Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Appeal decided40, Leeson Park, Dublin 6 , D06H6K1
- Granted22B, Leeson Park, Dublin 6 , D06C2PO
- Granted48 Dartmouth Square East, Dublin 6 , D06NX07
- GrantedRoyal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, D02XK51
- Refused75 Waterloo Road, Dublin 4
- Granted55 Northbrook Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Appeal decided49 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, D04 V3K0
- Granted33 Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 F9Y9
- Commenced93, Waterloo Lane, Dublin 4
- Granted78 Waterloo Place, Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4 , D04N6Y2
- Commenced49 Dartmouth Square South, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Granted33, Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4
- Granted12B, Northbrook Lane, Dublin 6 D06N447
- Appeal decided42 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Commenced21, Northbrook Road, Dublin 6 , D06Y957
- Commenced41 Upper Leeson Street, Dublin 4, D04 E8K1
- GrantedRoyal Victoria Eye & Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, D02 XK51.
- Withdrawn42, Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn21 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, D02Y189
- Commenced20 Northbrook Road, Ranalagh, Dublin D06 PF22
- GrantedBurleigh Court, Burlington Road, Dublin 4
- Commenced76, Northbrook Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 NN53
- Granted75, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4
- Commenced2-4 Wilton Park, Dublin 2
- Commenced47 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, D04XE14
- CommencedNo. 2 Burlington Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 WV00
- WithdrawnBurleigh Court, Burlington Road, Dublin 4
- Commenced44 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 H2X2
- Withdrawn44 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 H2X2
- Granted18, Leeson Park, Dublin 6, D06H7T2
- Commenced69 Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04K5P1
- Commenced7 Winton Road, Ranelagh, Dublin D06 N597
- Withdrawn69 Waterloo Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 K5P1
- GrantedFormer St. Mary's College, Bloomfield Avenue, Donnybrook, Dublin 4, D04 X8N5
- Granted2 Grand Parade, Grand Parade and Dartmouth Road, Dublin 6
- Granted50-60, Mespil Hotel, Mespil Rd, Dublin 4, D04 E7N2
- Refused48 Dartmouth Square East, Dublin 6
- Granted5 Dartmouth Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 F9C7
- Commenced40 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 H6K1
- Granted2-4 Wilton Park, Dublin 2
- Withdrawn48 Dartmouth Square East, Dublin 6, D06 NX07
- Commenced4, Chelmsford Close, Ranelagh , Dublin 6 , D06XW20
- Commenced80, Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Appeal decidedBurlington Dental Clinic, 16 Burlington Road, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04XP89
- Appeal decided33, Chelmsford Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06VH61
- Appeal decidedSite at the junction of Appian Way and Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 6 (adjacent to No., 1 Leeson Street Village and the Mitchel House Apartments).
- Granted14, Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2
- Granted41, Upper Leeson Street, Dublin 4, D04 E8K1
- Commenced1 Waterloo Road, Dublin 4 & 1A Flemings Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced36 Chelmsford Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 HH58
- WithdrawnJunction of Appian Way & Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 6 (adjacent to No. 1 Leeson Street Village and the Mitchel House Apartments)
- WithdrawnNo. 1 Waterloo Road (A Protected Structure) & No. 1A Flemings Place, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- CommencedLands fronting Waterloo Lane & Flemings Place (to the rear of 1, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4 (A Protected Structure) & 1a Fleming's Place) Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn28, Dartmouth Square North, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 TW14
- Commenced17, Mespil Road, Dublin 4, DO4H6F4
- Withdrawn17 Mespil Road, Dublin 4, D04 H6F4
- Commenced18, Leeson Park, Dublin, D06 H7T2
- CommencedTuscany , 9a, Appian Way, Dublin 6, D06 AF85
- Commenced75 Wellington Road & 75 Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4
- Commenced8 Warwick Terrace, Sallymount Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 FD72
- CommencedBurlington Plaza, 1, Burlington Road, Dublin 4, D04 RH96
- Commenced11, Northbrook Walk, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn11, Northbrook Walk, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn8, Warwick Terrace, Sallymount Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 FD72
- Withdrawn8, Warwick Terrace, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Commenced30 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2
- Granted17, Leeson Park, Dublin 6, D06 T2K3
- Granted18, Leeson Park, Dublin 6, D06 H7T2
- Appeal decided16, Leeson Park, Dublin 6
- GrantedFitzwilliam Hall, 25/27 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2
- Granted4, Leeson Village, Dublin 4 D04 E8A0
- Withdrawn4, Leeson Village, Dublin 4 D04 E8AO
- Appeal decidedMespil Court, Mespil Road & Burlington Road, Dublin 4, D04 E516
- Granted57A & 57B, Leeson Park, Dublin 6
- Open15, Leeson Park Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6 D06 NY74
- WithdrawnMespil Court, Mespil Road & Burlington Road, Dublin 4, D04 E516. The site is bounded by buildings at no. 40-42 Mespil Road to the east, Mespil Court to the south, no. 39 Mespil Road (Protected Structure) to the west & by Mespil Road & Grand Canal
- Commenced25-28 and 29-31, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2
- Granted16, Chelmsford Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6 D06 FK29
- Granted21 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2
- Withdrawn16, Chelmsford Avenue, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Withdrawn28 Dartmouth Square North, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 TW14
- Appeal decided24, Northbrook Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06DK03
- GrantedLeeson Park Creche and Montessori , 39 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 CX63
- WithdrawnLeeson Park Creche & Montessori, Garden Level, 39 Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6 D06 CX63
- Granted4, Warner's Lane, Ranelagh, Dublin 6
- Granted42, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4
- RefusedSuesey Street, 26, Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2
- CommencedMews Site to the rear of 26, Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, accessed via Sibthorpe Lane, (Dublin 6)
- Withdrawn42 Waterloo Road, Dublin 4, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced15, Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 H9C3
- WithdrawnThe mews site to the rear of no. 26 Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 4, accessed via Sibthorpe Lane, (Dublin 6)
- WithdrawnSuesey Street, 26 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2
- Withdrawn15, Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 H9C3
- Commenced33 Dartmouth Square, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 T267
- WithdrawnSuesey Street, 26 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2.
- Commenced80A, Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn80A, Heytesbury Lane, Dublin 4 D04 WV84
- GrantedRoyal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, D02 XK51
- Withdrawn80A, Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Commenced31, Leeson Village, Ranelagh, Dublin 4, D04 Y2Y8
- Commenced75, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4
- WithdrawnRoyal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, D02 XK51
- Commenced1 Dartmouth Road, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 F578
- Granted4 Chelmsford Close, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 XW20
- Granted92, Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4, D04 Y8C8
- Granted54 Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn54 Heytesbury Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin 4
- Withdrawn92, Waterloo Lane, Ballsbridge, Dublin D04 Y8C8.
- Appeal decidedSwanbrook House, Bloomfield Avenue, Donnybrook, Dublin 4, D04 K3V9
- WithdrawnSwanbrook House, Bloomfield Avenue, Donnybrook, Dublin 4, D04 KV39
- GrantedRoyal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2, D02 XK51
- Appeal decidedBurlington House, Waterloo Lane, Dublin 4
- GrantedBank of Ireland, 27-33 Baggot Street Upper, Dublin 4
- Granted18, Leeson Park , Dublin 6
- Refused6, Chelmsford Road, Dublin 6
- Commenced78, Waterloo Road, Dublin 4, D04 W5R3
- Commenced70A Upper Leeson Street, Dublin 4, D04 V6X7
- Granted42, Warner's Lane, Dublin 6. 42, Warner's Lane abuts no. 42, Dartmouth Square East whichi is, a Protected Structure-ref. 2190
- Granted4, Dartmouth Square, Dublin 6
- Granted52, Leeson Park, Ranelagh, Dublin 6, D06 YF58
- Withdrawn6, Chelmsford Road, Dublin 6
- Appeal decidedSite at the junction of Appian Way and Leeson Street Upper, Dublin 6 (adjacent to No. 1 Leeson Street Village and the Mitchel House Apartments)
Appeal
Not appealed.
Commencement
- Opt out commencement notice CN0136437DC
Zoning at the site
Zone Z2 - DEV PLAN 2022-2028
Z2: Residential Neighbourhoods (Conservation Areas): To protect and/or improve the amenities of residential conservation areas.
An established residential area. The objective is to protect existing residential amenity as well as to provide housing — which is the objective a neighbour's objection to an overbearing extension is usually argued under.
Designations within 250 m
No OPW flood extent nearby.
- Radon risk area · 1
Provenance
Register row from the national planning applications feed (NPAD), fetched 11 Sept 2026, 18:51 (store id 78164). Deadlines were computed by the store from the received / decided dates under the Planning and Development Act 2000 and are recorded as events, not recomputed here.
Source: npad · fetched 11 Sept 2026, 18:51
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| npad | CC-BY-4.0 | 11 Sept 2026, 18:51 | open |